Positive active material for rechargeable lithium battery
Disclosed is a positive active material for a rechargeable lithium battery, including a lithiated intercalation compound and an additive compound. The additive compound comprises one or more intercalation element-included oxides which have a charging voltage of 4.0 to 4.6V when 5-50% of total intercalation elements of the one or more intercalation element-included oxides are released during charging.
1. A positive active material for a rechargeable lithium battery comprising:
a lithiated intercalation compound comprising at least one bare compound represented by the following formulas (1) to (12):
Li x Mn 1-y M y A 2 (1)
Li x Mn 1-y M y O 2-z X z (2)
Li x Mn 2 O 4-z X z (3)
Li x Co 1-y M y A 2 (4)
Li x Co 1-y M y O 2-z X z (5)
Li x Ni 1-y M y A 2 (6)
Li x Ni 1-y M y O 2-z X z (7)
Li x Ni 1-y Co y O 2-z X z (8)
Li x Ni 1-y-z Co y M z A α (9)
Li x Ni 1-y-z Co y M z O 2-α X α (10)
Li x Ni 1-y-z Mn y M z A α (11)
Li x Ni 1-y-z Mn y M z O 2-α X α (12)
where 0.9≦×1.1; 0≦y≦0.5; 0≦z≦0.5; 0≦α≦2; M is selected from the group consisting of Al, Ni, Co, Mn, Cr, Fe, Mg, Sr, V, and rare earth elements; A is selected from the group consisting of O, F, S, and P; and X is F, S, or P; and
an additive compound comprising one or more compounds represented by the formula M′Mn 2-x Ni x O 4 , where M′ is Li or Na, and x ranges from 0.1 to 0.9,
wherein the bare compound is coated with a metal oxide shell and the additive compound has a charging voltage of 4.0 to 4.6V when 5-50% of the M′ is released during charging, and wherein the mixing weight ratio of the lithiated intercalation compound and the additive compound ranges from 99.99 to 70: 0.01 to 30.
2. The positive active material of claim 1 wherein the metal oxide shell includes a metal selected from the group consisting of Mg, Al, Co, K, Na, Ca, Si, Ti, V, Sn, Ge, Ga, B, As, Zr, and mixtures thereof.
3. A positive active material for a rechargeable lithium battery comprising:
a lithiated intercalation compound comprising at least one bare compound represented by the following formulas (1) to (12):
Li x Mn 1-y M y A 2 (1)
Li x Mn 1-y M y O 2-z X z (2)
Li x Mn 2 O 4-z X z (3)
Li x Co 1-y M y A 2 (4)
Li x Co 1-y M y O 2-z X z (5)
Li x Ni 1-y M y A 2 (6)
Li x Ni 1-y M y O 2-z X z (7)
Li x Ni 1-y Co y O 2-z X z (8)
Li x Ni 1-y-z Co y M z A α (9)
Li x Ni 1-y-z Co y M z O 2-α X α (10)
Li x Ni 1-y-z Mn y M z A α (11)
Li x Ni 1-y-z Mn y M z O 2-α X α (12)
where 0.9≦x ≦1.1; 0≦y≦0.5; 0≦z≦0.5; 0≦α≦2; M is selected from the group consisting of Al, Ni, Co, Mn, Cr, Fe, Mg, Sr, V, and rare earth elements; A is selected from the group consisting of O, F, S, and P; and X is F, S, or P; and
an additive compound comprising one or more compounds represented by the formula M′Mn 2-x N x O 4 , where M is Li or Na, and x ranges from 0.1 to 0.9,
wherein the bare compound is coated with a metal oxide shell, the additive compound has a discharging voltage of 4.0 to 5.0V when 5-50% of the M′ is released during discharging, and wherein the mixing weight ratio of the lithiated intercalation compound and the additive compound ranges from 99.99 to 70:0.01 to 30, and the mixing weight ratio of the lithiated intercalation compound and the additive compound ranges from 99.9 to 90:0.1 to 10.
4. The positive active material of claim 3 wherein the metal oxide shell includes a metal selected from the group consisting of Mg, Al, Co, K, Na, Ca, Si, Ti, V, Sn, Ge, Ga, B, As, Zr, and mixtures thereof.