Method and device for monitoring platelet function
The invention provides a method of monitoring platelet function in a mammal by passing blood removed from the body of the mammal through a passageway to contact an obstruction or irregularity in the passageway to generate a platelet mass in the passageway, and monitoring the flow or composition of the blood in the passageway to detect the platelet mass. The flow and composition change in response to the formation of a platelet mass in the passageway. Devices, articles, and kits for performing the methods are also disclosed.
1. A method of monitoring the platelet function of whole blood comprising:
passing whole blood removed from a mammal through a passageway comprising an obstruction in the passageway and a narrowing of the passageway;
contacting the blood with the obstruction and the narrowing to generate a platelet mass in the passageway; and
monitoring the flow or composition of the blood in the passageway to detect formation of the platelet mass; and
determining from the monitoring a measure of the platelet function of the blood;
wherein the platelet mass is substantially depleted in fibrin in comparison to a natural clot;
wherein the blood passes bidirectionally through the passageway; and
wherein less than 2 ml of blood is removed from the body of the mammal.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein less than 1 ml of blood is removed from the body of the mammal.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein less than 0.4 ml of blood is removed from the body of the mammal.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein less than 0.2 ml of blood is removed from the body of the mammal.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein less than 0.1 ml of blood is removed from the body of the mammal.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein less than 50 μl of blood is removed from the body of the mammal.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the blood is removed from the body of the mammal by a finger prick.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein a single drop of blood is removed from the body of the mammal.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the blood is removed from the body of the mammal by a finger prick.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the flow of the blood in the passageway is monitored.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the flow is monitored by monitoring the pressure of the blood in the passageway.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the pressure is monitored with a pressure transducer.
13. The method of claim 10 , wherein the flow is monitored optically.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the flow is monitored with a light-emitting diode and a light detector.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition of the blood in the passageway is monitored.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the size of the platelet mass is directly monitored.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein the chemical composition of the blood is monitored.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein at least one of the pH, concentration of O 2 , concentration of CO 2 , concentration of Mg ++ , or concentration of K + is monitored.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the obstruction is one or more plugs that partially obstruct the passageway.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the platelet mass has a thickness in all dimensions of at least about 20 microns.
21. The method of claim 1 , wherein the platelets are activated at least partially by mechanical forces.
22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the platelets are activated solely by mechanical forces.
23. The method of claim 1 , wherein the platelet mass is substantially depleted in red blood cells and white blood cells in comparison to a natural clot.
24. The method of claim 1 , wherein the passageway does not comprise an added biological agent that activates platelets.
25. The method of claim 1 , wherein the blood does not comprise an added biological agent that activates platelets.
26. The method of claim 1 , wherein the passageway and blood do not comprise an added chemical agent that activates platelets.
27. The method of claim 1 , wherein no biological or chemical agents are added to the removed blood.
28. The method of claim 1 , wherein the passageway does not comprise a biological component to which platelets naturally adhere.
29. The method of claim 1 , wherein the passageway does not comprise collagen, ADP, epinephrine, or a derivative thereof.
30. The method of claim 1 , wherein the passageway and blood do not comprise an added anti-coagulant.
31. The method of claim 1 , further comprising adding a platelet activator to the blood.
32. The method of claim 31 , wherein the platelet activator is thromboxane A 2 .
33. The method of claim 1 , wherein the passageway comprises a platelet activator.
34. The method of claim 33 , wherein the platelet activator is thromboxane A 2 .
35. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mammal is treated with an anti-platelet agent.
36. The method of claim 35 , wherein the anti-platelet agent comprises a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, an ADP inhibitor, a GPIIbIIIa inhibitor, or a combination thereof.
37. The method of claim 1 , wherein the obstruction is a wire.
38. The method of claim 1 , wherein the obstruction is a filter.
39. The method of claim 1 , wherein the obstruction is a mesh.
40. The method of claim 1 , wherein the obstruction is a fiber.
41. The method of claim 1 , wherein the obstruction is a filter membrane.
42. The method of claim 1 , wherein the obstruction is a plurality of fibers.
43. The method of claim 1 , wherein the obstruction is a plurality of wires.
44. The method of claim 1 , wherein the obstruction is a plurality of ribbons.
45. The method of claim 1 , wherein the obstruction is a piece of woven or knitted fabric.