Methods and apparatus for transform coefficient filtering
According to the present invention, methods and apparatus for filtering transform coefficients are provided. Transform coefficients associated with an input bit sequence can be zeroed to provide modified transform coefficients associated with an output bit sequence. The transform coefficients may represent information in a portion of data such as a video frame, a picture, or an audio stream. In one example, the transform coefficients are DCT coefficients of an MPEG-2 video sequence. The transform coefficients are filtered to provide modified transform coefficients associated with an output bit sequence. The output bit sequence is a rescaled version of the input bit sequence.
1. An apparatus for filtering transform coefficients associated with an input bitstream, the apparatus comprising:
an input interface for receiving transform coefficients associated with input bits;
a filtering stage coupled to the input interface, wherein the filtering stage selects transform coefficients for filtering, wherein the transform coefficients associated with the input bitstream are selected differentially on a per block or a per macroblock basis,
and wherein the method selectively filters fewer transform coefficients in a macroblock according to the number of the macroblock in a frame; and
an output interface coupled with the filtering stage for providing modified transform coefficients associated with output bits, wherein the number of output bits is less than the number of input bits.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the input interface comprises a variable length decoder.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the input interface reads the transform coefficients from a file.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the output interfaces comprises a variable length encoder.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the filtering stage uses a cut-off index.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the filtering stage uses a filter.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the filter changes on a per block or per macroblock basis.
8. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the filter comprises threshold values that determine which transform coefficients are filtered.
9. An apparatus for filtering transform coefficients associated with an input bitstream, the apparatus comprising:
means for identifying transform coefficients associated with an input bitstream;
means for selecting transform coefficients for filtering to provide modified transform coefficients, wherein the transform coefficients associated with the input bitstream are selected differentially on a per block or a per macroblock basis,
and wherein the means for selecting transform coefficients comprises means for filtering fewer transform coefficients in a macroblock according to the number of the macroblock in a frame; and
means for generating an output bitstream, wherein the output bitstream associated with modified transform coefficients uses less bandwidth than the input bitstream associated with the transform coefficients.
10. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the means for identifying transform coefficients comprises means for performing variable length decoding on the input bitstream.
11. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the means for identifying transform coefficients comprises means for performing a DCT operation on video data.
12. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the transform coefficients are DCT coefficients.
13. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the means for generating an output bitstream comprises means for performing variable length coding.
14. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the means for selecting transform coefficients for filtering means for comprises identifying a cut-off index.
15. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the means for selecting transform coefficients for filtering comprises means for identifying a filter.
16. The apparatus of claim 15 , wherein the filter comprises threshold values that determine which transform coefficients are filtered.
17. A computer readable medium comprising computer code for reducing the bit rate of a video bitstream to meet a bandwidth constraint, the computer readable medium comprising:
computer code for identifying transform coefficients representing video content in a frame or a portion of frame of the video bitstream; and
computer code for providing rate control information for a block of video data, wherein the rate control information includes a number of input and output bits for prior filtered blocks of data; and
computer code for filtering selected transform coefficients from the video bitstream to thereby reduce the bit rate of the video bitstream and produce a reduced bit rate for the video bitstream that meets the bandwidth constraint, wherein the video bitstream before filtering does not meet the bandwidth constraint and the video bitstream including the modified transform coefficients includes the reduced bit rate that meets the bandwidth constraint.
18. The computer readable medium of claim 17 , wherein the computer code for filtering selected transform coefficients comprises computer code for using a cut-off index.
19. The computer readable medium of claim 17 , wherein the computer code for filtering selected transform coefficients comprises the computer code for a filter.
20. The computer readable medium of claim 19 , wherein the computer code for the filter comprises ones and zeros.
21. The computer readable medium of claim 19 , wherein the computer code for the filter comprises threshold values that determine which transform coefficients are filtered.
22. The computer readable medium of claim 17 wherein the computer code for filtering selected transform coefficients includes computer code for selectively filtering fewer transform coefficients for a macroblock according to the number of the macroblock in a frame.
23. The computer readable medium of claim 17 wherein the computer code for filtering selected transform coefficients from the video bitstream includes computer code for selectively filtering differentially on a per block or a per macroblock basis.