Stretchable film laminates and methods and apparatus for making stretchable film laminates
Stretchable film laminates including a layer of elastomeric openwork, such as a plurality of elastic strands or an elastomeric mesh structure. The stretchable film laminates may include a film layer bonded to the layer of elastomeric openwork, with the film layer having cross-directional stretch and the laminate having a multi-phase stretchability profile. The stretchable film laminates may be made by extruding a film from a die, stretching the film, forming and stretching a layer of elastomeric openwork, conveying the stretched elastomeric openwork onto the film while the film is stretched, and passing the film and the elastomeric openwork through a nip. The invention also includes a machine capable of producing machine-direction, cross-direction, and biaxial stretch materials. The machine includes at least one extruder, at least one filament die and at least one film die both attached to the extruder(s), and at least one nip downstream of the extruder(s).
1. A stretchable laminate, comprising:
a first elastic film layer;
a second layer; and
an elastomeric openwork layer bonded to the first and second layers;
wherein the elastomeric openwork layer is selected from the group consisting of a plurality of parallel elastic strands, an elastomer printed in a pattern on the first layer, and combinations thereof, and the laminate has a multi-phase stretchability profile including first, second and third successive and distinct stretchability phases at progressively higher elongations, the second phase exhibits consistently higher tension than the first phase, and the third phase exhibits consistently higher tension than the second phase.
2. The stretchable laminate of claim 1 , wherein the laminate has a multi-phase stretchability profile in a machine direction.
3. The stretchable laminate of claim 1 , wherein the laminate has a multi-phase stretchability profile in a cross direction.
4. The stretchable laminate of claim 1 , wherein the second layer is selected from the group consisting of a necked material, a nonwoven web, a film, a spunbond web, a meltblown web, and combinations thereof.
5. The stretchable laminate of claim 1 , wherein the first and second layers are both necked, and the first layer is necked to a greater extent than the second layer.
6. The stretchable laminate of claim 1 , wherein the first layer can withstand greater tension without failure than the second layer.
7. The stretchable laminate of claim 1 , wherein the second layer is elastomeric.
8. The stretchable laminate of claim 1 , wherein the elastomeric strands are zoned.
9. The stretchable laminate of claim 1 , wherein the laminate is incorporated into a garment in at least one of the group consisting of side panels, ears, waistbands, leg elastics, outer covers, and combinations thereof.
10. The stretchable layer of claim 1 , wherein the second layer comprises a film which includes a filler and is liquid-impermeable and water vapor transmissible.
11. The stretchable laminate of claim 1 , wherein the first elastic film layer comprises a multilayer material.
12. The stretchable laminate of claim 1 , wherein the first elastic film comprises a foamed material.
13. The stretchable laminate of claim 1 , wherein the second layer comprises a film layer.
14. The stretchable laminate of claim 13 , wherein the first and second layers comprise the same material.
15. The stretchable laminate of claim 13 , wherein the second layer comprises a plurality of ribbons.
16. The stretchable laminate of claim 15 , wherein the ribbons are zoned to create regions of higher and lower tension.
17. The stretchable laminate of claim 1 , further comprising a nonwoven facing layer.
18. The stretchable laminate of claim 1 , further comprising first and second nonwoven facing layers.
19. The stretchable laminate of claim 17 , wherein the nonwoven facing layer comprises a necked material.
20. The stretchable laminate of claim 1 , wherein the elastomeric openwork layer is zoned.
21. The stretchable laminate of claim 1 , wherein the laminate is zoned.
22. The laminate of claim 1 , wherein each of said layers has a different elongation-versus-tension profile within the laminate.
23. A stretchable laminate, comprising:
a first layer;
a second layer; and
an elastomeric openwork layer bonded to the first and second layers;
wherein the elastomeric openwork layer is selected from the group consisting of a plurality of parallel elastic strands, an elastomer printed in a pattern on the first layer, and combinations thereof, and the laminate has a multi-phase stretchability profile including first, second and third successive and distinct stretchability phases at progressively higher elongations, the second phase exhibits consistently higher tension than the first phase, and the third phase exhibits consistently higher tension than the second phase.