Pharmaceutical formulation containing opioid agonist, opioid antagonist and irritant
Disclosed in certain embodiments is an oral dosage form comprising: a therapeutically effective amount of an opioid analgesic; an opioid antagonist; and an irritant in an effective amount to impart an irritating sensation to an abuser upon administration of the dosage form after tampering.
1. A oral dosage form comprising: a therapeutically effective amount of an opioid analgesic; an opioid antagonist; and an irritant in an effective amount to impart an irritating sensation to an abuser upon administration of said dosage form after tampering.
2. The oral dosage form of claim 1 , wherein the irritant is selected from the group consisting of capsaicin, a capsaicin analog, and mixtures thereof.
3. The oral dosage form of claim 1 , wherein the irritant is a capsaicin analog selected from the group consisting of resiniferatoxin, tinyatoxin, heptanoylisobutylamide, heptanoyl guaiacylamide, isobutylamides, guaiacylamides, dihydrocapsaicin, homovanillyl octylester, nonanoyl vanillylamide, and mixtures thereof.
4. The oral dosage form of claim 1 , wherein the irritant is capsaicin.
5. The oral dosage form of claim 1 , wherein the irritant is vanillylamide.
6. The oral dosage form of claim 1 , wherein the irritant is in a sequestered form.
7. The oral dosage form of claim 1 , wherein the antagonist is in a sequestered form.
8. The oral dosage form of claim 1 , wherein the antagonist and the irritant are both in sequestered forms.
9. The oral dosage form of claim 1 , wherein the irritant is in an amount of about 0.00125% to about 50% by weight of the dosage form.
10. The oral dosage form of claim 1 , wherein the irritant is in an amount of about 1 to about 7.5% by weight of the dosage form.
11. The oral dosage form of claim 1 , wherein the irritant is in an amount of about 1 to about 5% by weight of the dosage form.
12. The oral dosage form of claim 1 , further comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
13. The oral dosage form of claim 12 , wherein said excipient is a sustained release excipient.
14. The oral dosage form of claim 12 , said dosage form providing an analgesic effect for at least about 12 hours after oral administration to a human patient.
15. The oral dosage form of claim 1 , wherein said irritant is at least partially interdispersed with the opioid analgesic.
16. The dosage form of claim 1 , having a ratio of opioid antagonist to opioid agonist that is analgesically effective when the combination is administered orally, but which is aversive in physically dependent human subjects when administered at the same amount or at a higher amount than said therapeutically effective amount.
17. The dosage form of claim 16 , wherein said ratio of opioid antagonist to opioid agonist maintains an analgesic effect but does not increase analgesic efficacy of the opioid agonist relative to the same therapeutic amount of opioid agonist when administered to human patients without said opioid antagonist.
18. The oral dosage form of claim 1 wherein the antagonist is in an amount to attenuate a side effect of said opioid agonist selected from the group consisting of anti-analgesia, hyperalgesia, hyperexcitability, physical dependence, tolerance, and a combination of any of the foregoing.
19. The oral dosage form of claim 1 , wherein the amount of antagonist released during the dosing interval enhances the analgesic potency of the opioid agonist.
20. The oral dosage form of claim 1 , wherein the amount of the opioid antagonist is about 100 to about 1000 fold less than the amount of the opioid agonist.