Selective etching processes of silicon nitride and indium oxide thin films for FeRAM device applications
A dry etch process is described for selectively etching silicon nitride from conductive oxide material for use in a semiconductor fabrication process. Adding an oxidant in the etch gas mixture could increase the etch rate for the silicon nitride while reducing the etch rate for the conductive oxide, resulting in improving etch selectivity. The disclosed selective etch process is well suited for ferroelectric memory device fabrication using conductive oxide/ferroelectric interface having silicon nitride as the encapsulated material for the ferroelectric.
1. A selective etching process for silicon nitride in the presence of conductive oxide, the selective etching process comprising
providing an etch body comprising silicon nitride and conductive oxide; and
exposing the etch body to a gaseous plasma prepared from an oxygen-containing source gas and a etch gas mixture containing fluorine or chlorine to etch the silicon nitride at a higher rate than the conductive oxide.
2. A selective etching process as in claim 1 wherein the etch gas mixture comprises a mixture of C 4 F 8 and Cl 2 .
3. A selective etching process as in claim 1 wherein the etch gas mixture comprises a mixture of C 4 F 8 in the range of 10 to 50% and Cl 2 in the range of 50 to 90%.
4. A selective etching process as in claim 1 wherein the oxygen-containing gas is in the range of 1 to 15%.
5. A selective etching process as in claim 1 wherein the etch gas mixture comprises C 4 F 8 , CF 4 , C 2 F 6 , CHF 3 , C 3 F 6 , C 4 F 6 , C 5 F 8 , Cl 2 , CF 2 Cl 2 , CF 3 Br, CF 3 Br, C 2 F 5 Cl, C 2 F 5 Cl, CCl 4 , PCl 3 , BCl 3 , SiCl 4 , or any mixture combinations thereof.
6. A selective etching process as in claim 1 wherein the oxygen-containing source gas comprising CO, CO 2 , O 2 , H 2 O vapor, NO, or N 2 O.
7. A selective etching process as in claim 1 wherein the plasma comprises an RF plasma having power in the range of 50 to 500 W.
8. A selective etching process as in claim 1 wherein the plasma comprises a microwave plasma having power in the range of 400 to 800 W.
9. A selective etching process as in claim 1 wherein the plasma source comprises a RF or DC source biasing a substrate supporting the etch body.
10. A selective etching process as in claim 1 wherein the pressure of the gaseous plasma is less than 100 mTorr.
11. A selective etching process as in claim 1 wherein the conductive oxide is selected from a group consisted of indium oxide, ruthenium oxide, tungsten oxide, molybdenum oxide, titanium oxide, iron oxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide, CeO 2 , Ga 2 O 3 , SrTiO 3 , LaFeO 3 , CrxTiyO 3 .
12. A selective etching process as in claim 1 wherein the conductive oxide comprises a conductive perovskite oxide, a high temperature superconducting oxide, or an oxide film of any metal selected from a group consisted of Mo, W, Tc, Re, Ru, Os, Rh, Ir, Pd, Pt, In, Zn, Sn, Nd, Nb, Sm, La, and V.
13. A method of fabricating silicon nitride spacers on a conductive oxide layer surface comprising
providing a step structure having a top surface, a substantially vertical surface and a bottom surface, the bottom surface being the surface of a conductive oxide layer;
forming a layer of silicon nitride over the step structure; and
anisotropically plasma-enhanced etching the layer of silicon nitride over the top surfaces and over the bottom surface with an etchant comprising an oxygen-containing source gas and an etch gas mixture containing fluorine or chlorine to etch the silicon nitride at a higher rate than the conductive oxide to result in silicon nitride spacers on the step structure.
14. A selective etching process as in claim 13 wherein the etch gas mixture comprises a mixture of C 4 F 8 in the range of 10 to 50% and Cl 2 in the range of 50 to 90%.
15. A selective etching process as in claim 13 wherein the oxygen-containing gas is in the range of 1 to 15%.
16. A selective etching process as in claim 13 wherein the etch gas mixture comprises C 4 F 8 , CF 4 , C 2 F 6 , CHF 3 , C 3 F 6 , C 4 F 6 , C 5 F 8 , Cl 2 , CF 2 Cl 2 , CF 3 Br, CF 3 Br, C 2 F 5 Cl, C 2 F 5 Cl, CCl 4 , PCl 3 , BCl 3 , SiCl 4 , or any mixture combinations thereof.
17. A selective etching process as in claim 13 wherein the oxygen-containing source gas comprising CO, CO 2 , O 2 , H 2 O vapor, NO, or N 2 O.
18. A selective etching process as in claim 13 wherein the conductive oxide is selected from a group consisted of indium oxide, ruthenium oxide, tungsten oxide, molybdenum oxide, titanium oxide, iron oxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide, CeO 2 , Ga 2 O 3 , SrTiO 3 , LaFeO 3 , CrxTiyO 3 .
19. A selective etching process as in claim 13 wherein the conductive oxide comprises a conductive perovskite oxide, a high temperature superconducting oxide, or an oxide film of any metal selected from a group consisted of Mo, W, Tc, Re, Ru, Os, Rh, Ir, Pd, Pt, In, Zn, Sn, Nd, Nb, Sm, La, and V.
20. A method of fabricating a ferroelectric memory transistor comprising
preparing a semiconductor substrate;
forming a recess gate stack on the substrate, the recess gate stack comprising
a conductive oxide layer overlying the substrate, the conductive oxide layer being recessed and surrounded by an isolation layer with the top surface of the conductive oxide layer exposed;
forming a layer of silicon nitride over the isolation layer and over the conductive oxide exposed surface;
forming silicon nitride spacers by plasma-enhanced selective etching the silicon nitride with respect to the conductive oxide with an etchant comprising an oxygen-containing source gas and a etch gas mixture containing fluorine or chlorine to etch the silicon nitride at a higher rate than the conductive oxide; and
forming a ferroelectric material layer over the conductive oxide layer, the ferroelectric material layer being surrounded by the silicon nitride spacers.
21. A method as in claim 20 wherein the recess gate stack formation comprises
forming a replacement gate stack comprising
a conductive oxide layer overlying the substrate; and
a sacrificial layer over the conductive oxide layer;
forming drain and source regions on opposite sides of the replacement gate stack;
filling the areas surrounding the replacement gate stack while exposing the top portion of the replacement gate stack; and
removing the sacrificial layer portion of the replacement gate stack.
22. A method as in claim 20 further comprising
a top electrode conductive layer over the ferroelectric material layer.
23. A method as in claim 21 wherein the filling of the areas surrounding the replacement gate stack while exposing a top portion of the replacement gate stack comprises
the deposition of a dielectric film; and
the planarization of the deposited dielectric film to expose the top portion of the replacement gate stack.
24. A method as in claim 21 wherein the formation of the replacement gate stack comprises the deposition of the replacement gate stack, the photolithography patterning of the replacement gate stack and the etching of the replacement gate stack.
25. A selective etching process as in claim 20 wherein the etch gas mixture comprises a mixture of C 4 F 8 in the range of 10 to 50% and Cl 2 in the range of 50 to 90%.
26. A selective etching process as in claim 20 wherein the oxygen-containing gas is in the range of 1 to 15%.
27. A selective etching process as in claim 20 wherein the etch gas mixture comprises C 4 F 8 , CF 4 , C 2 F 6 , CHF 3 , C 3 F 6 , C 4 F 6 , C 5 F 8 , Cl 2 , CF 2 Cl 2 , CF 3 Br, CF 3 Br, C 2 F 5 Cl, C 2 F 5 Cl, CCl 4 , PCl 3 , BCl 3 , SiCl 4 , or any mixture combinations thereof.
28. A selective etching process as in claim 20 wherein the oxygen-containing source gas comprising CO, CO 2 , O 2 , H 2 O vapor, NO, or N 2 O.
29. A selective etching process as in claim 20 wherein the conductive oxide is selected from a group consisted of indium oxide, ruthenium oxide, tungsten oxide, molybdenum oxide, titanium oxide, iron oxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide, CeO 2 , Ga 2 O 3 , SrTiO 3 , LaFeO 3 , CrxTiyO 3 .
30. A selective etching process as in claim 20 wherein the conductive oxide comprises a conductive perovskite oxide, a high temperature superconducting oxide, or an oxide film of any metal selected from a group consisted of Mo, W, Tc, Re, Ru, Os, Rh, Ir, Pd, Pt, In, Zn, Sn, Nd, Nb, Sm, La, and V.