Light-activated anti-infective coatings and devices made thereof
An implantable medical device is provided including a vascular access device and a coating on at least one of an inner surface and an outer surface of the vascular access device. The coating includes: (a) a polymeric component including at least one of a light reactive moiety and a sound reactive moiety; and (b) at least one therapeutic agent releasably associated with the polymeric component, wherein a rate of release of the therapeutic agent is controlled by in situ exposure of the medical device to at least one of a light energy source and an ultrasound energy source.
1. An implantable medical device comprising:
a vascular access device; and
a light reactive coating on at least one of an inner surface and an outer surface of said vascular access device, said coating comprising: (a) a polymeric component (b) a photoreactive linker including a photosensitizer; and (c) at least one therapeutic agent releasably associated with said photoreactive linker,
wherein said photoreactive linker is attached at a first end to said polymeric component and at a second end to said therapeutic agent and wherein a rate of release of said therapeutic agent from said photoreactive linker is controlled by in situ exposure of the medical device to a light source; and wherein said vascular access device is a total implantation venous access device (TI VAD).
2. The device of claim 1 , wherein said coating is an ultrasound reactive coating.
3. The device of claim 2 , wherein said ultrasound reactive coating releases said therapeutic agent upon exposure to continuous or pulsed ultrasonic energy in the frequency range of from about 20 KHz to about 500 KHz.
4. The device of claim 3 , wherein a rate of release of said coating is controlled by at least one of: a duration of exposure to said ultrasonic energy, a frequency of said ultrasonic energy and an intensity of said ultrasonic energy.
5. The device of claim 3 , wherein said polymeric component comprises a polymer selected from the group consisting of:
(a) a poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), poly(propylene glycol) (PPG), poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA), poly(caprolactone), poly(α-amino acids), polyurethanes, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), poly hydroethyl methacrylate, and copolymers and block polymers thereof or
(b) poly(L-lysine-co-polyethyleneglycol), poly[(L-lactide-co-methenyl-capped oligo(ethylene oxide) methacrylate and cross-linked dextran-polyethylene glycol hydrogels and co-polymers and block polymers thereof.
6. The device of claim 2 , wherein said therapeutic agent is at least one of a thrombo-resistant agent, an antimicrobial agent, an anti-tumor agent, an anti-fungal agent and an anti-viral agent.
7. The device of claim 6 , wherein said therapeutic agent is at least one of a penicillin, a cephalosporin, a vancomycin, an aminoglycoside, a quinolone, a polymyxin, an erythromycin, a tetracycline, a chloramphenicol, a clindamycin, a lincomycin, a sulfonamide, or a homolog, an analog, a fragment, a derivative or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
8. The device of claim 1 , wherein said light reactive coating releases said therapeutic agent upon exposure to a light source having a wavelength range of from about 200 nm to about 800 nm.
9. The device of claim 1 , wherein a rate of release of said therapeutic agent from said coating is controlled by at least one of: a duration of exposure to said light source, a wavelength of said light source and an intensity of said light source.
10. The device of claim 1 , wherein said polymeric component is selected from the group consisting of: poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), poly(propylene glycol) (PPG), poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA), poly(caprolactone), poly(α-amino acids), polyurethanes, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), poly hydroethyl methacrylate, and copolymers and block polymers thereof.
11. The device of claim 1 , wherein said therapeutic agent is at least one of a thrombo-resistant agent, an antimicrobial agent, an anti-tumor agent, an anti-fungal agent and an anti-viral agent.
12. The device of claim 1 , wherein said therapeutic agent is at least one of a penicillin, a cephalosporin, a vancomycin, an aminoglycoside, a quinolone, a polymyxin, an erythromycin, a tetracycline, a chloramphenicol, a clindamycin, a lincomycin, a sulfonamide, or a homolog, an analog, a fragment, a derivative or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
13. The device of claim 1 , wherein said linker is bound to a backbone of said polymeric component and links the photosensitizer to the backbone.
14. The device of claim 1 , wherein said photoreactive linker is attached at its second end via the photosensitizer to the therapeutic agent.
15. The device of claim 1 , wherein said light reactive coating releases said therapeutic agent upon exposure to a light source having a wavelength range of from about 450 nm to about 650 nm.
16. A method of releasing a therapeutic agent from an implanted medical device, comprising the steps of:
(a) implanting a medical device according to claim 1 intradermally into a patient in need thereof; and
(b) releasing said therapeutic agent to said patient by extra-dermal exposure to a light energy source.
17. The method of claim 16 , further comprising the step of:
(c) controlling a rate of release of said therapeutic agent from said coating by application of said light energy source for a predetermined period of time.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein said releasing step is extra- dermal exposure to an ultrasonic energy source.
19. The method of claim 17 , wherein said ultrasonic energy source comprises continuous or pulsed ultrasonic energy in the frequency range of from about 20 KHz to about 500 KHz.
20. The method of claim 17 , wherein said light energy source comprises light energy in the wavelength range of from about 200 nm to about 800 nm.
21. The method of claim 17 , wherein said light energy source comprises light energy in the wavelength range from about 450 nm to about 650 nm.