Methods and compositions relating to modulation of hepatocyte growth, plasma cell differentiation or T cell subset activity by modulation of XBP-1 activity
The invention demonstrates that the transcription factor XBP-1 is a regulator of hepatocyte growth, plasma cell differentiation and T cell subset activity. Methods for identifying modulators of hepatocyte growth, plasma cell differentiation and/or T cell subset activity, using XBP-1-containing indicator compositions or XBP-1-deficient cells, are provided. Methods of modulating hepatocyte growth, plasma cell differentiation and/or T cell subset activity (e.g., Th2 cytokine production) using agents that modulate the activity of XBP-1 are also provided. Methods for diagnosing disorders associated with aberrant hepatocyte growth, plasma cell differentiation and/or T cell subset activity, by assessing a change in XBP-1 expression, are also provided. XBP-1 deficient cells, animals and embryos, as well as kits for the methods of the invention, are also provided by the invention.
1. A method of identifying a compound that stimulates hepatocyte growth comprising:
a) contacting hepatocytes from an XBP-1 knockout (XBP-1 −/− ) mouse embryo, with a test compound; and
b) determining the effect of the test compound on the growth of the hepatocytes, the test compound being identified as a stimulator of hepatocyte growth based on the ability of the test compound to stimulate the growth of the hepatocytes from the mouse embryo.
2. A method of identifying a compound that stimulates plasma cell differentiation comprising:
a) contacting B cells from a chimeric XBP-1 knockout (XBP-1 −/− )/RAG-2 knockout (RAG-2 −/− ) mouse, with a test compound; and
b) determining the effect of the test compound on the differentiation of the B cells into plasma cells, the test compound being identified as a stimulator of plasma cell differentiation based on the ability of the test compound to stimulate the differentiation of the B cells from the chimeric mouse.
3. A method of identifying a compound that stimulates Th2 cell subset activity comprising:
a) contacting T cells from a chimeric XBP-1 knockout (XBP-1 −/− )/RAG-2 knockout (RAG-2 −/− ) mouse, with a test compound; and
b) determining the effect of the test compound on Th2 cytokine production by the T cells, the test compound being identified as a stimulator of Th2 cell subset activity based on the ability of the test compound to stimulate Th2 cytokine production by the T cells from the chimeric mouse.
4. The method of any one of claims 1 , 2 , and 3 , wherein the cells are contacted with the test compound by administering the test compound to the mouse or embryo.
5. The method of any one of claims 1 , 2 , and 3 , wherein the cells are isolated from the mouse or embryo, and the cells are contacted with the test compound by culturing the test compound with the isolated cells.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein hepatocyte growth is determined by determining the transcription of immediate early genes.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein hepatocyte growth is determined by monitoring the incorporation of BrdU.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein hepatocyte growth is determined by TUNEL staining.
9. The method of claim 2 , wherein the differentiation of the B cells into plasma cells is determined by determining immunoglobulin secretion.
10. The method of claim 2 , wherein the differentiation of the B cells into plasma cells is determined by determining Syndecan-1 transcription.
11. The method of claim 3 , wherein Th2 cell subset activity is determined by determining T cell cytokine production.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the T cell cytokine is selected from the group consisting of: IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10.