T cell anergy is reversed by active Ras and regulated by diacylglycerol kinase
T cell anergy has been correlated with defective Ras signaling. However, neither a causal relationship nor the mechanism of Ras hypoactivation have been established. Using adenoviral transduction of CAR Tg T cells to enable genetic manipulation in nonproliferating cells, we show that Ras61L restores IL-2 production and MAP kinase signaling in T cells anergized in vitro or in vivo. A gene array screen revealed upregulated diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) in the anergic state, which was confirmed by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. A DGK inhibitor significantly restored IL-2 production by anergic cells. Our data support a causal role for DGK and defective Ras signaling in T cell anergy.
1. A method of treating a subject having a condition that would benefit from up-regulation of an immune response comprising alleviating T cell anergy, wherein T cell anergy is alleviated by administering to the subject having a condition that would benefit from up-regulation of an immune response an effective amount of a inhibitor of diacylglycerol kinase (DGK)-α or DGK-ζ.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject is a human.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inhibitor of DGK-α or DGK-ζ is selected from the group consisting of R59022, R59499, a dominant-negative DGK-α mutant, and a dominant-negative DGK-ζ mutant.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the condition is cancer.