Use of aluminum in perforating and stimulating a subterranean formation and other engineering applications
A chemical reaction between molten aluminum and an oxygen carrier such as water to do useful work is disclosed, and in particular two chemical methods to obtain aluminum in its molten state. One is to detonate a HE/Al mixture with surplus Al in stoichiometry, and the other is to use an oxidizer/Al mixture with surplus Al in stoichiometry. Additionally, there is a physical method of shocking and heating Al using high temperature reaction products. The produced Al in its liquid form is forced to react with an oxygen carrying liquid (e.g. water), giving off heat and releasing hydrogen gas or other gaseous material. A water solution of some oxygen-rich chemicals (e.g. ammonium nitrate) can be advantageously used in place of water. A shaped charge is also disclosed having a liner that contains aluminum, propelled by a high explosive such as RDX or its mixture with aluminum powder. Some aluminum in its molten state is projected into the perforation and forced to react with water that also enters the perforation, creating another explosion, fracturing the crushed zone of the perforation and initializing cracks. Another shaped charge is shown having a liner of energetic material such as a mixture of aluminum powder and a metal oxide. Upon detonation, the collapsed liner carries kinetic and thermal energy. Also shown are methods to build and to detonate or fire explosive devices in an oxygen carrying liquid (e.g. water) to perforate and stimulate a hydrocarbon-bearing formation.
1. A method to utilize the energy released by the molten aluminum-water reaction to do useful work by creating a dual explosion in a medium to which desired mechanical effects are to be created comprising the following steps:
a) placing in the presence of water a detonable or combustible explosive device in the said medium, the said explosive device being capable of converting aluminum powder to aluminum in its molten state to react with water; and,
b) actuating the said explosive device to initiate the first of the said dual-explosion which is a detonation or combustion of the said explosive device, creating mechanical effects in the said medium and releasing aluminum in its molten state, wherein the molten aluminum then reacts with water to create a second explosion of the said dual-explosion, enhancing or modifying the mechanical effects created by the said first explosion.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the said medium to which the desired mechanical effects are to be created is one chosen from the group consisting of: water, rock stratum, concrete, steel casing in an oil well, steel tubing in an oil well, steel casing in a gas well, steel casing in an oil well, hydrocarbon bearing formation, coal seam, and a target of any material to be attacked.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the said mechanical effects in the said medium are the mechanical effects for which an explosive device is designed to achieve is one or a combination chosen from the group of effects consisting of:
pressure wave generation, pressure wave propagation, pressurization of medium, displacement of medium, target penetration, target piercing, target fracturing, crack initialization, crack propagation, medium disintegration, medium fragmentation and fragment movement.
4. A method to utilize the energy released by a molten-metal water reaction to do useful work by creating a dual explosion in a medium to which desired mechanical effects are to be created comprising the following steps:
a) placing, in the presence of water, a detonable or combustible explosive device in the said media, the said explosive device being capable of producing a light metal or its alloy which has a tendency to react with water in its molten state and release a substantial amount of thermal energy and hydrogen gas from the reaction, such light metal being one chosen from the group consisting of: magnesium, aluminum-magnesium alloy, aluminum-lithium alloy, zirconium, and mixtures thereof; and
b) actuating said explosive device to initiate the first of the said dual explosion which is a detonation or combustion of the explosive device, creating mechanical effects in the said medium in releasig said light metal or its alloy in its molten state, wherein the molten Iight metal or said alloy then reacts with water to create a second explosion of the said dual-explosion, enhancing or modifying the mechanical effects created by the said first explosion.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein the said medium to which the desired mechanical effects are to be created is one chosen from the group consisting of: water, rock stratum, concrete, steel easing in an oil well, steel tubing in an oil well, steel casing in a gas well, steel casing in an oil well, hydrocarbon bearing formation, coal seam, and a target of any material to be attacked.
6. The method of claim 4 wherein the said mechanical effects in the said medium are the mechanical effects for which an explosive device is designed to achieve is one or a combination chosen from the group of effects consisting of: pressure wave generation, pressure wave propagation, pressurization of medium, displacement of medium, target penetration, target piercing, target fracturing, crack initialization, crack propagation, medium disintegration, medium fragmentation and fragment movement.