Methods and primers for diagnosing idiopathic congenital central hypoventilation syndrome
The present invention provides assays and kits for diagnosing idiopathic congenital central hypoventilation syndrome. The present assays and kits focus on the second polyalanine repeat of the PHOX2b gene or gene product, which is normally 20 residues in length. A polyalanine repeat 25 to 33 residues in length is strongly correlated with idiopathic congenital central hypoventilation syndrome.
1. A method of diagnosing or confirming idiopathic congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) in a human subject, the method comprising
(a) obtaining a nucleic acid sample from the subject;
(b) amplifying the nucleic acid that includes the PHOX2b gene for the polyalanine repeat using a forward primer of SEO ID NO: 4 and a reverse primer of SEQ ID NO: 5;
(c) quantifying the length of the polyalanine repeat region of the PHOX2b gene; and
(d) diagnosing or confirming CCHS based on the length of the polyalanine repeat region of PHOX2b.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the sample comprises blood, white blood cells, epithelial cells, skin, hair, fibroblasts, a tissue from an organ, amniocytes, chorionic villi, embryonic cells, sperm and combinations thereof.
3. The method of claim 1 further comprising comparing the size of the PHOX2b gene against a known standard.
4. The method of claim 1 further comprising confirming whether the subject has the polyalanine mutation in the polyalanine repeat of the PHOX2b gene by sequencing the polyalanine repeat of the PHOX2b gene.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the subject has a presumptive diagnosis of sudden infant death syndrome.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the subject has Hirschprung's disease, alveolar hypoventilation, a tumor of neural crest origin and combinations thereof.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the subject is an embryo or a fetus.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the subject has late onset central hypoventilation syndrome.
9. The method of claim 1 further comprising determining whether a parent or a other relative of the subject has a polyalanine mutation in a polyalanine repeat of a PHOX2b gene or gene product.
10. The method of claim 1 further comprising determining whether the PHOX2b gene codes for a polyalanine mutation.
11. A method of determining whether an offspring of a human subject is at risk for idiopathic congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) comprising:
(a) determining whether the subject has a polyalanine repeat expansion mutation in exon 3 of a human PHOX2b gene by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification using a forward primer of SEQ ID NO: 4 and a reverse primer of SEQ ID NO: 5, wherein the presence of the polyalanine repeat expansion mutation that encodes 25 to 33 alanine residues indicates that an offspring of the subject is at risk for CCHS.