Battery
Provided is a battery capable of improving charge-discharge cycle characteristics. The battery comprises a spirally wound electrode body in which a cathode and an anode are spirally wound with a separator in between. The capacity of the anode includes a capacity component by insertion and extraction of Li and a capacity component by precipitation and dissolution of Li metal, and is represented by the sum of them. Moreover, the anode includes a carbon material capable of obtaining a first peak within a range from 1580 cm −1 to 1620 cm −1 and a second peak within a range of 1350 cm −1 to 1370 cm −1 in a Raman spectrum analysis using argon laser light with a wavelength of 5145 nm, and having an intensity ratio IB/IA between the first peak and the second peak of 0.25 to 0.6, where the intensity of the first peak is IA and the intensity of the second peak is IB. Thereby, precipitation-dissolution efficiency of lithium metal and charge-discharge cycle characteristics can be improved.
1. A battery, comprising: a cathode; an anode; and an electrolyte,
wherein the capacity of the anode includes a capacity component by insertion and extraction of light metal and a capacity component by precipitation and dissolution of the light metal, and is represented by the sum of them, and
the anode includes a dual-layer carbon material obtaining a first peak within a range from 1580 cm −1 to 1620 cm −1 and a second peak within a range of 1350 cm −1 to 1370 cm −1 in a Raman spectrum analysis using argon laser light with a wavelength of 5145 nm, and the dual-layer carbon material having an average intensity ratio IB/IA between the first peak and the second peak of 0.25 to 0.6, where the intensity of the first peak is IA and the intensity of the second peak is IB, wherein one of the dual-layer carbon layers includes a high crystalline layer with an intensity ratio IB/IA of less than 0.25 and another of the dual-layer carbon layers includes a low crystalline layer with an intensity ratio IB/IA of 0.25 or more.
2. A battery according to claim 1 , wherein the first peak is based on a graphitic structure and the second peak is based on a disordered structure.
3. The battery according to claim 1 , wherein the disordered structure exists on at least a surface of a carbon material.
4. The battery according to claim 1 , wherein the low crystalline layer is formed on a surface of the high crystalline layer.
5. The battery according to claim 1 , wherein the cathode is lithium complex oxide.
6. The battery according to claim 1 , wherein the light metal is precipitated on the anode in a state where the open circuit voltage is lower than the overcharge voltage.
7. The battery according to claim 1 , wherein when the open circuit voltage of the battery is below overcharging voltages, the maximum capacity of the lithium metal precipitated on the anode is from 0.05 times to 3.0 times larger than the charge capacity of the anode material capable of inserting and extracting lithium.
8. The battery according to claim 1 , wherein lithium precipitates on the negative electrode when the open circuit voltage of the battery is at least 0 V and at most 4.2 V.
9. The battery according to claim 1 , wherein the battery exhibits a discharge capacity retention ratio of at least 88%, measured as a ratio of a discharge capacity in a 100 th charge cycle to a discharge capacity in the first charge cycle.
10. The battery according to claim 7 , wherein the battery exhibits a discharge capacity retention ratio of at least 88%, measured as a ratio of a discharge capacity in a 100 th charge cycle to a discharge capacity in the first charge cycle.
11. The battery according to claim 9 , wherein the battery exhibits a discharge capacity retention ratio of at least 93%.
12. The battery according to claim 10 , wherein the battery exhibits a discharge capacity retention ratio of at least 93%.