Thermally conductive grease
The invention relates to thermally conductive greases that may contain carrier oil(s), dispersant(s), and thermally conductive particles, wherein the thermally conductive particles are a mixture of at least three distributions of thermally conductive particles, each of the at least three distributions of thermally conductive particles having an average (D 50 ) particle size which differs from the other average particle sizes by at least a factor of 5
1. A thermally conductive grease comprising:
0 to about 49.5 weight percent of carrier oil;
about 0.5 to about 5 weight percent of at least one polymeric dispersant; and
at least about 49.5 weight percent of thermally conductive particles, wherein the thermally conductive particles comprise a mixture of at least three distributions of thermally conductive particles, each of the at least three distributions of thermally conductive particles having an average (D 50 ) particle size which differs from the other distributions by at least a factor of 5, and further wherein the thermally conductive grease exhibits a bulk thermal conductivity of from about 2 to about 7 W/m-° K. and a viscosity measured at 25° C. of at least about 10 6 mPas.
2. The thermally conductive grease of claim 1 wherein each of the at least three distributions of thermally conductive particles having an average (D 50 ) particle size which differs from the others by at least a factor of 7.5.
3. The thermally conductive grease of claim 1 wherein each of the at least three distributions of thermally conductive particles having an average (D 50 ) particle size which differs from the others by at least a factor of 10.
4. The thermally conductive grease of claim 1 wherein the thermally conductive particles comprise materials selected from the group consisting of diamond, silicon carbide, alumina, boron nitride (hexagonal or cubic), boron carbide, silica, graphite, amorphous carbon, polycrystalline diamond, aluminum nitride, aluminum, zinc oxide, nickel, tungsten, silver, and combinations thereof.
5. The thermally conductive grease of claim 1 further comprising at least one additional dispersant selected from the group consisting of nonionic, dispersants, polymeric dispersants, ionic dispersants, inorganic dispersants, and combinations thereof, in an amount from about 0.5 to about 20 weight percent.
6. The thermally conductive grease of claim 1 wherein carrier oil is present in an amount of from about 0.5 to about 20 weight percent.
7. The thermally conductive grease of claim 1 wherein one of the at least three distributions of thermally conductive particles has an average particle size that ranges from about 0.02 to about 5 micrometers.
8. The thermally conductive grease of claim 1 wherein one of the at least three distributions of thermally conductive particles has an average particle size that ranges from about 0.10 to about 50.0 micrometers.
9. The thermally conductive grease of claim 1 wherein one of the at least three distributions of thermally conductive particles has an average particle size that ranges from about 0.50 to about 500 micrometers.
10. The thermally conductive grease of claim 1 wherein the at least one polymeric dispersant comprises an ionic dispersant in addition to the polymeric dispersant.
11. The thermally conductive grease of claim 1 further comprising a fourth distribution of thermally conductive particles.
12. The thermally conductive grease of claim 1 wherein the thermally conductive particles comprise a mixture of diamond and silicon carbide particles.
13. The thermally conductive grease of claim 1 wherein the at least three distributions of thermally conductive particles are essentially non-overlapping.
14. The thermally conductive grease of claim 1 wherein the at least three distributions of thermally conductive particles have a minimal overlap.
15. The thermally conductive grease of claim 1 wherein the distribution of particles having a largest average (D 50 ) particle size comprises metal particles.
16. The thermally conductive grease of claim 15 wherein the thermally conductive particles comprise a mixture of diamond and metal particles.
17. The thermally conductive grease of claim 15 wherein the distribution of particles having a middle average (D 50 ) particle size comprises silicon carbide or diamond particles.
18. The thermally conductive grease of claim 15 wherein the distribution of particles having a smallest average (D 50 ) particle size comprises zinc oxide particles.
19. The thermally conductive grease of claim 15 wherein the distribution of particles having a largest average (D 50 ) particle size comprises spherical aluminum particles.
20. The thermally conductive grease of claim 11 wherein the thermally conductive particles comprise materials selected from the group consisting of diamond, silicon carbide, alumina, tungsten, nickel, boron nitride (hexagonal or cubic), boron carbide, silica, graphite, amorphous carbon, polycrystalline diamond, aluminum nitride, aluminum, silver, zinc oxide, and combinations thereof.
21. The thermally conductive grease of claim 1 wherein the thermally conductive particles in at least one of the at least three distributions of thermally conductive particles comprises a mixture of at least two different types of thermally conductive particles.
22. The thermally conductive grease of claim 1 wherein the thermally conductive particles in at least one of the at least three distributions of thermally conductive particles contain thermally conductive particles of a type different from the thermally conductive particles in the other particle distributions.