Therapeutic and prophylactic agents and methods of using the same
A phospholipase A 2 inhibitor protein designated “Phospholipase Inhibitor from Python” (PIP)—formerly designated “Python Antitoxic Factor” (PAF)—is given by SEQ ID NO:2. The partial amino acid sequence for PIP was initially determined from the native protein purified from the blood serum of a non-venomous snake, Python reticulatus . The complete PIP polynucleotide sequence was obtained from a cDNA clone encoding PIP, given by SEQ ID NO:1, along with the full amino acid sequence deduced from it. Also disclosed is a recombinant protein PIP, which shows strong lethal toxin neutralizing activity similar to the native PIP, and has potent anti-inflammatory activity. Both the native and the functionally equivalent recombinant PIP are useful for the prevention or treatment of conditions such as snakebites, insect stings, and inflammatory diseases. Also, phospholipase A 2 (PLA 2 ) inhibitory polypeptides designated P-0029, P-0009, and P-0006, the sequences of which are given as SEQ ID NO:10, SEQ ID NO:11, and SEQ ID NO:12, respectively, are disclosed. Those polypeptides, and their synthetic chemical analogues and polypeptide variants that inhibit PLA 2 activity and alleviate inflammation, may also be used in the diagnosis, study, prevention, and treatment of PLA 2 -related human inflammatory diseases.
1. An isolated nucleic acid comprising a polynucleotide that encodes a polypeptide having activity as a phospholipase A2 inhibitor, wherein said polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:6 or a portion thereof, having activity as a phospholipase A2 inhibitor.
2. The isolated polynucleotide of claim 1 , wherein said polypeptide further comprises a leader peptide, comprising the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:8, for directing secretion of fused polypeptide from a cell.
3. The isolated polynucleotide of claim 2 , wherein said polypeptide comprises the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:2.
4. The isolated polynucleotide of claim 1 , wherein said polynucleotide comprises the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:5.
5. The isolated polynucleotide of claim 2 , wherein said polynucleotide further encodes a leader peptide for directing secretion of fused polypeptide from a cell, the leader peptide-encoding sequence comprising the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:7.
6. The isolated polynucleotide of claim 4 , wherein said polynucleotide comprises the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:1 or the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:3.
7. The isolated polynucleotide of claim 1 , wherein said polynucleotide is obtained from a species of Python.
8. The isolated polynucleotide of claim 1 , wherein said polynucleotide is obtained from the liver of a species of Python.
9. An expression vector comprising the polynucleotide of claim 1 , wherein the polynucleotide is operably linked to one or more regulatory nucleic acids.
10. A host cell containing the expression vector of claim 9 .