Plasma lamp with bulb and lamp chamber
A dielectric waveguide integrated plasma lamp (DWIPL) with a body comprising at least one dielectric material having a dielectric constant greater than approximately 2, and having a shape and dimensions such that the body resonates in at least one resonant mode when microwave energy of an appropriate frequency is coupled into the body. A dielectric bulb within a lamp chamber in the body contains a fill which when receiving energy from the resonating body forms a light-emitting plasma. The bulb is transparent to visible light and infrared radiation emitted by the plasma. Radiative energy lost from the plasma is recycled by reflecting the radiation from thin-film, multi-layer coatings on bulb exterior surfaces and/or lamp chamber surfaces back into the bulb. The lamp further includes two- or three-microwave probe configurations minimizing power reflected from the body back to the microwave source when the source operates: (a) at a frequency such that the body resonates in a single mode; or (b) at one frequency such that the body resonates in a relatively higher mode before a plasma is formed, and at another frequency such that the body resonates in a relatively lower order mode after the plasma reaches steady state.
1. A lamp comprising:
a waveguide having a body, the body comprising at least one dielectric material and having at least one surface determined by a waveguide outer surface, the dielectric material having a dielectric constant greater than approximately 2;
a power source for providing power at a frequency that resonates within the body, wherein the frequency is within the range of about 0.25 GHz to 30 GHz;
a first probe coupled to the body to provide the power into the body from the power source at the resonant frequency;
the body having a lamp chamber depending from said waveguide outer surface;
a bulb containing a fill mixture which when receiving power from the resonating body forms a light-emitting plasma;
the bulb including at least one transparent wall forming an elongate side of the bulb;
at least a portion of the wall positioned within the lamp chamber spaced apart from the body of the waveguide, the wall positioned within the lamp chamber such that light is transmitted through the wall into the lamp chamber and from the lamp chamber out of the waveguide body.
2. The lamp of claim 1 wherein the bulb is a discrete, self-enclosed structure, comprising:
the at least one wall consisting essentially of a dielectric material substantially transparent to visible and infrared radiation emitted by the plasma, the wall having a thickness determined by an interior surface and an exterior surface;
a transparent bottom attached to the wall, having a thickness determined by an interior surface and an exterior surface; and
a window having a thickness determined by a bottom surface and a top surface, the window hermetically sealed to the wall, the bottom and the window consisting essentially of said dielectric material, the window substantially transparent to visible light emitted by the plasma.
3. The lamp of claim 1 , wherein the bulb bottom has a bottom in thermal contact with the lamp chamber.
4. The lamp of claim 1 , wherein the wall of the bulb is coated with a thin-film, multi-layer dielectric coating.
5. The lamp of claim 1 , wherein the wall of the bulb is coated with a first thin-film, multi-layer dielectric coating, and a surface of the lamp chamber is coated with a second thin-film, multi-layer dielectric coating.
6. The lamp of claim 1 , wherein the space between the wall of the bulb and the surface of the lamp chamber is filled with air.
7. The lamp of claim 1 , wherein the bulb is supported in the lamp chamber by a bulb support coupled to a surface of the lamp chamber.
8. The lamp of claim 1 , wherein the lamp chamber is shaped to reflect the light transmitted though the wall out of the waveguide body.
9. The lamp of claim 1 , wherein the wall extends at an upper end in a lip, the lip sealed to a support structure attached to an outer surface of the waveguide, the bulb extending from the support structure into the lamp chamber.
10. The lamp of claim 9 , wherein the wall of the bulb is coated with a thin-film, multi-layer dielectric coating.
11. The lamp of claim 1 , wherein the distance between the wall of the bulb and the surface of the lamp chamber is greater than the width of the bulb.
12. The lamp of claim 11 , wherein the space between the wall of the bulb and the surface of the lamp chamber is filled with air.
13. The lamp of claim 1 , wherein the distance between the wall of the bulb and the surface of the lamp chamber is greater than the thickness of the wall of the bulb.
14. The lamp of claim 13 , wherein a ceramic is positioned between the wall of the bulb and the surface of the lamp chamber.
15. The lamp of claim 1 , further comprising an opaque dielectric material between the wall of the bulb and the surface of the lamp chamber, the opaque dielectric material coated with a thin-film, multi-layer coating.
16. The lamp of claim 15 , wherein the coating is separated from the wall of the bulb by an air gap.
17. The lamp of claim 15 , wherein the coating is contiguous to the exterior surface of the wall of the bulb wall.
18. The lamp of claim 1 , comprising collection optics proximate the lamp chamber for collecting the light transmitted though the wall from the lamp chamber.
19. The lamp of claim 18 , wherein the lamp chamber is shaped to reflect the light transmitted though the wall out of the waveguide body.
20. The lamp of claim 1 , wherein a dielectric material is positioned between the wall of the bulb and the surface of the lamp chamber.
21. The lamp of claim 20 , wherein the dielectric material forms a sleeve around the bulb.
22. The lamp of claim 20 , wherein the dielectric material comprises ceramic.
23. The lamp of claim 20 , wherein the dielectric material comprises alumina-oxide.
24. The lamp of claim 20 , wherein the dielectric material is coated with a thin-film, multi-layer dielectric coating.
25. The lamp of claim 1 , wherein the lamp chamber has a surface that tapers symmetrically and has a shape configured to direct light received from the bulb out of the lamp chamber.
26. The lamp of claim 25 , wherein the surface of the lamp chamber is coated with a thin-film, multi-layer dielectric coating.
27. The lamp of claim 25 , wherein the shape of the lamp chamber provides a ray divergence with a limited numerical aperture.
28. The lamp of claim 25 , wherein the shape of the lamp chamber provides a parallel ray divergence.
29. The lamp of claim 25 , wherein the shape of the lamp chamber is selected to satisfy ray divergence specifications of an optical system.
30. The lamp of claim 25 , wherein the shape of the surface of the lamp chamber approximates a shape selected from the group consisting of ellipsoids and paraboloids.
31. The lamp of claim 30 , wherein the surface of the lamp chamber is coated with a thin-film, multi-layer dielectric coating.
32. The lamp of claim 30 , wherein the surface of the lamp chamber is coated with a first thin-film, multi-layer dielectric coating, and the wall of the bulb is coated with a second thin-film, multi-layer dielectric coating.