Case-hardening of stainless steel
The invention relates to case-hardening of a stainless steel article by means of gas including carbon and/or nitrogen, whereby carbon and/or nitrogen atoms diffuse through the surface into the article. The method includes activating the surface of the article, applying a top layer on the activated surface to prevent repassivation. The top layer includes metal which is catalytic to the decomposition of the gas.
1. A method of case-hardening a stainless article by use of gas including carbon and/or nitrogen, i.e. gas carburizing and/or gas nitriding, whereby carbon and/or nitrogen atoms are diffused through a surface of the article, said method comprising:
activating the surface of the article;
applying a top layer on the activated surface to prevent repassivation, the top layer including one or more of the metals Ni, Ru, Co or Pd, which are catalytic to decomposition of the gas; and
subsequently carrying out the case hardening below a temperature at which carbides and/or nitrides are produced.
2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the article is of austenitic stainless steel.
3. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the catalytic metal layer is only applied to part of the surface of the stainless steel article.
4. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the top layer is a nickel layer.
5. A method according to claim 4 , wherein the maximum average thickness of the nickel layers is 300 nanometers.
6. A method according to claim 5 , wherein the thickness is 200 nanometers.
7. A method according to claim 5 , wherein the nickel layer is applied by a chemical or electrolytical plating.
8. A method according to claim 7 , wherein the nickel layer is applied by a Wood's nickel bath.
9. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the case-hardening is a nitriding process which is carried out with a nitrogen-containing gas below a temperature at which nitrides are produced.
10. A method according to claim 9 , wherein the article is of austenitic stainless steel.
11. A method according to claim 9 , wherein the top layer is a nickel layer.
12. A method according to claim 9 , wherein the catalytic metal layer is only applied to part of the surface of the stainless steel article.
13. A method according to claim 9 , wherein the temperature is below 450C.
14. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the case-hardening is carburizing with a carbon-containing gas.
15. A method according to claim 14 , wherein the top layer is a nickel layer.
16. A method according to claim 14 , wherein the gas is CO.
17. A method according to claim 14 , wherein carburizing is carried out below a temperature at which carbides are produced.
18. A method according to claim 17 , wherein the temperature is below 550C.
19. A method according to claim 17 , wherein the temperature is below 510C.