Surface cleaning and sterilization
Methods and apparatus are provided for igniting, modulating, and sustaining a plasma for various plasma processes and treatments. Such treatments include cleaning and sterilizing parts. In some embodiments, a plasma is ignited by subjecting a gas in a multi-mode processing cavity to electromagnetic radiation having a frequency between about 1 MHz and about 333 GHz in the presence of a plasma catalyst. A part can be cleaned by, for example, inserting hydrogen into the plasma and exposing the part to the hydrogen-enriched plasma. A part can be sterilized by heating the part with the plasma.
1. A method of cleaning a part, comprising:
flowing a gas into a first multi-mode processing cavity having a movable reflective surface portion in or near said cavity;
igniting a plasma by subjecting the gas in the cavity to electromagnetic radiation having a frequency less than about 333 GHz in the presence of at least one passive plasma catalyst comprising a material that is at least electrically semi-conductive;
moving the reflective surface portion to vary locations of maximum electric field vectors within the processing cavity for each mode, to control the time of ignition of the plasma; and
exposing one or more objects to the plasma.
2. The method of claim 1 , further including injecting a second gas into the plasma.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the second gas is hydrogen.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the object is Cr 2 O 3 and wherein the one or more objects are cleaned by exposure to the plasma.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gas is argon.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more objects are sterilized by exposure to the plasma.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more objects include a surgical instrument.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reflective surface is moved rotationally, translationally, longitudinally, or in any combination thereof.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reflective surface is an “L”-shaped, metallic object or a cylindrical object.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one passive plasma catalyst is an electrically conductive fiber.
11. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the electromagnetic radiation is introduced into the cavity via at least one of a rotating waveguide joint and a flexible waveguide.
12. The method as recited in claim 11 , wherein said rotating waveguide or said flexible waveguide is mounted in the cavity.
13. The method as recited in claim 11 , wherein said rotating waveguide or said flexible waveguide include an end portion that extends into the cavity.
14. The method as recited in claim 13 , wherein said end portion of said rotating waveguide or said flexible waveguide is periodically or continually moved.
15. The method as recited in claim 14 , wherein said end portion is twisted about an axis.
16. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein said at least one passive plasma catalyst ignites the plasma at different locations within the cavity.
17. The method as recited in claim 16 , wherein said at least one passive plasma catalyst ignites the plasma at different locations sequentially by selectively introducing the at least one passive plasma catalyst at the different locations.
18. The method as recited in claim 1 further comprising:
providing a second multi-mode processing cavity fluidly coupled to and proximate the first multi-mode processing cavity;
flowing a gas into the second multi-mode processing cavity; and
using the plasma ignited in the first multi-mode processing cavity to ignite a plasma in the second multi-mode processing cavity.