Method for stabilization of proteins using non-natural amino acids
The present invention provides a method for producing modified stable polypeptides introducing at least one non-natural amino acid into the hydrophobic region of the polypeptide. The thermal and chemical stability of such polypeptides is improved compared to those properties of its corresponding wild type proteins. The invention further provides purified leucine zipper and coiled-coil proteins in which the leucine residues have been replaced with 5,5,5-trifluoroleucines, and the modified proteins so produced demonstrate increased thermal and chemical stability compared to their corresponding wild-type natural proteins.
1. An artificial polypeptide with increased stability, relative to its corresponding wild type polypeptide, wherein said artificial polypeptide comprises a leucine zipper region wherein at least one amino acid residue is replaced with a hydrophobic non-natural amino acid, wherein said polypeptide is GCN4-pl or protein Al, wherein the hydrophobic non-natural amino acid is selected from the group consisting of: 5,5,5- trifluoroleucine, 5,5,5,5′,5′,5′-hexafluoroleucine, 2-amino-4-methyl-4-pentenoic acid, 2-amino-3,3,3 -trifluoro-methylpentanoic acid, 2-amino-3-methyl-5,5,5-tri-fluoropentanoic acid, 2-amino-3-methyl-4-pentenoic acid, trifluorovaline, and hexafluorovaline, and wherein the artificial polypeptide exhibits a higher ratio of folded to unfolded protein relative to its corresponding wild type polypeptide.
2. A method for increasing stability of a polypeptide comprising a leucine zipper region, wherein said polypeptide is GCN4-pl or protein Al, said method comprising replacing at least one amino acid residue in a leucine zipper region of said polypeptide with a hydrophobic non-natural amino acid, wherein the hydrophobic non-natural amino acid is selected from the group consisting of: 5,5,5-trifluoroleucine, 5,5,5,5′,5′,5′-hexafluoroleucine, 2-amino-4-methyl-4-pentenoic acid, 2-amino-3 ,3 ,3 -trifluoro-methylpentanoic acid, 2-amino-3 -methyl-S ,5,5 -tri-fluoropentanoic acid, 2-amino-3 -methyl-4-pentenoic acid, trifluorovaline, and hexafluorovaline, thereby producing a polypeptide with increased stability relative to its corresponding wild type polypeptide.
3. The artificial polypeptide of claim 1 , wherein the at least one amino acid residue is replaced with a non-natural amino acid selected from the group consisting of: 5,5,5-trifluoroleucine; and 5,5,5,5′,5′,5′-hexafluoroleucine.
4. The artificial polypeptide of claim 1 , wherein the at least one amino acid residue is replaced with a non-natural amino acid selected from the group consisting of: 2-amino-4-methyl-4-pentenoic acid, 2-amino-3 ,3, 3-trifluoro-methylpentanoic acid, 2-amino-3-methyl-5,5,5-tri-fluoropentanoic acid, and 2-amino-3-methyl-4-pentenoic acid.
5. The artificial polypeptide of claim 1 , wherein the at least one amino acid residue is replaced with a non-natural amino acid selected from the group consisting of: trifluorovaline and hexafluorovaline.
6. The method of claim 2 , wherein said method comprises replacing the at least one amino acid residue with a non-natural amino acid selected from the group consisting of: 5,5,5 -trifluoroleucine and 5,5,5,5′,5′,5′-hexafluoroleucine.
7. The method of claim 2 , wherein said method comprises replacing the at least one amino acid residue with a non-natural amino acid selected from the group consisting of: 2-amino-4-methyl-4-pentenoic acid, 2-amino-3,3,3-trifluoro- methylpentanoic acid, 2-amino-3 -methyl-5,5,5-tri-fluoropentanoic acid, and 2-amino-3 -methyl-4-pentenoic acid.
8. The method of claim 2 , wherein said method comprises replacing at the least one amino acid residue with a non-natural amino acid selected from the group consisting of: trifluorovaline and hexafluorovaline.
9. The artificial polypeptide of claim 1 , wherein said non-natural amino acid is more hydrophobic than the replaced at least one amino acid residue.
10. The artificial polypeptide of claim 1 or claim 3 , wherein said at least one amino acid residue is leucine.
11. The artificial polypeptide of claim 1 or claim 4 , wherein said at least one amino acid residue is isoleucine.
12. The artificial polypeptide of claim 1 or claim 5 , wherein said at least one amino acid residue is valine.
13. The method of claim 2 or claim 6 , wherein said at least one amino acid residue is leucine.
14. The method of claim 2 or claim 7 , wherein said at least one amino acid residue is isoleucine.
15. The method of claim 2 or claim 8 , wherein said at least one amino acid residue is valine.
16. The artificial polypeptide of claim 1 , wherein the artificial polypeptide is produced using recombinant DNA technology.
17. The method of claim 2 , wherein the polypeptide is produced using recombinant DNA technology.
18. The artificial polypeptide of claim 3 , wherein the at least one amino acid residue is leucine.
19. The method of claim 6 , wherein the at least one amino acid residue is leucine.