Formation of a field reversed configuration for magnetic and electrostatic confinement of plasma
View Patent ↗A system and method for containing plasma and forming a Field Reversed Configuration (FRC) magnetic topology are described in which plasma ions are contained magnetically in stable, non-adiabatic orbits in the FRC. Further, the electrons are contained electrostatically in a deep energy well, created by tuning an externally applied magnetic field. The simultaneous electrostatic confinement of electrons and magnetic confinement of ions avoids anomalous transport and facilitates classical containment of both electrons and ions. In this configuration, ions and electrons may have adequate density and temperature so that upon collisions they are fused together by nuclear force, thus releasing fusion energy. Moreover, the fusion fuel plasmas that can be used with the present confinement system and method are not limited to neutronic fuels only, but also advantageously include advanced fuels.
1. A method of trapping ion beams within a chamber comprising the steps of
creating a field reversed configuration magnetic field about a rotating plasma within a chamber, including generating an azimuthal electric field within the chamber causing acceleration of plasma electrons and ions,
generating an ion beam comprising a plurality of ions,
neutralizing the ion beam with a plurality of electrons,
injecting the ion beam into the chamber,
draining an electric polarization from the ion beam, and
trapping the ion beam in an orbit within the chamber.
2. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of electrically polarizing the neutralized ion beam.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the step of electrically polarizing the neutralized ion beam includes passing the neutralized ion beam through a unidirectional magnetic field.
4. The method of claim 1 where in the step of creating a field reversed configuration magnetic field includes the steps of
generating a magnetic guide field within the chamber,
injecting plasma into the chamber along field lines of the guide field,
creating the azimuthal electric field within the chamber causing the plasma to rotate and form a poloidal magnetic self-field surrounding the plasma,
increasing the rotational energy of the plasma to increase the magnitude of the self-field to a level that overcomes the magnitude of the guide field, and
joining field lines of the guide field and the self-field.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein the step of creating the guide field includes energizing a plurality of field coils and mirror coils extending about the chamber.
6. The method of claim 4 further comprising the step of increasing the magnitude of the guide field to maintain the rotating plasma at a predetermined radial size.
7. The method of claim 4 wherein the step of creating the azimuthal electric field includes the step of energizing a betatron flux coil within the chamber and increasing current running through the coil.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein the step of increasing the rotational energy of the rotating plasma includes increasing the rate of change of the current running through the coil.
9. The method of claim 8 further comprising the step of increasing the rate of change of the current running through the flux coil to accelerate the rotating plasma to fusion relevant conditions.
10. The method of claim 9 further comprising the step of creating an electrostatic well within the chamber.
11. The method of claim 10 further comprising the step of tuning the electrostatic well.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein the step of tuning the electrostatic well includes manipulating the magnitude of the guide field.
13. The method of claim 1 wherein the injected ion beam has fusion level energy.
14. The method of claim 1 wherein the injected ion beam orbits in a betatron orbit.
15. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of draining an electric polarization from the ion beam includes the step of contacting the ion beam to a plasma layer contained within the field reversed configuration magnetic field.
16. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of injecting the ion beam into the chamber includes injecting the ion beam orthogonal to a principal axis of the chamber and at a radial position from the principle axis where a plasma layer is contained with the field reversed configuration magnetic field.
17. The method of claim 15 wherein the step of trapping the beam includes exerting a Lorentz force due to the field reversed configuration magnetic field on the ion beam to bend the ion beam into a betatron orbit.
18. The method of claim 10 further comprising the steps of magnetically confining ions within the field reversed configuration magnetic field and electrostatically confining electrons within the electrostatic well.
19. The method of claim 18 further comprising the step of forming fusion product ions.
20. The method of claim 19 further comprising the step of exiting the fusion product ions from the field reversed configuration magnetic field in an annular beam.
21. A method of trapping ion beams within a chamber comprising the steps of
injecting a neutralized ion beam into a field reversed configuration (FRC) magnetic field formed around a rotating plasma within a chamber, wherein formation of the FRC includes generating an azimuthal electric field within the chamber causing acceleration of plasma ions and electrons, and
trapping the neutralized ion beam in an orbit within the chamber.
22. The method of claim 21 further comprising the steps of
neutralizing the ion beam with a plurality of electrons and electrically polarizing the neutralized ion beam.
23. The method of claim 22 further comprising the steps of
drifting the polarized and neutralize ion beam undeflected through the field reversed configuration magnetic field into contact with a plasma contained within field reversed configuration magnetic field, and
depolarizing the ion beam.
24. The method of claim 23 wherein the steps of depolarizing the ion beam includes the steps of contacting the ion beam with the plasma within the field reversed configuration magnetic field and draining the electric polarization from the ion beam.
25. The method of claim 21 wherein the step of injecting the ion beam includes injecting the ion beam orthogonal to a principal axis of the chamber and at a radial position from the principle axis where a plasma is contained with the field reversed configuration magnetic field.
26. The method of claim 24 wherein the step of trapping the beam includes exerting a Lorentz force due to the field reversed configuration magnetic field on the ion beam to bend the ion beam into a betatron orbit.
27. The method of claim 21 further comprising the steps of
creating a magnetic guide field with axially extending field lines within a chamber,
rotating a plasma comprising charged particles of electrons and ions within the chamber by applying ponderomotive forces from an azimuthal electric field to the charged particles,
forming a magnetic poloidal self field surrounding the rotating plasma due to the current carried by the rotating plasma, and
increasing the rotational energy of the plasma to increase the magnitude of the self-field to a level that overcomes the magnitude of the guide field causing field reversal.
28. The method of claim 27 wherein applying pondermotive forces includes creating a azimuthal electric field by increasing current running through a betatron flux coil concentric with a principle axis of the chamber.
29. A method of trapping ion beams within a chamber comprising the steps of
maintaining a magnetic field with field reversed topology formed about a rotating plasma within a chamber, including generating an azimuthal electric field within the chamber causing acceleration of plasma ions and electrons,
injecting a neutralized ion beam into a chamber, and
trapping the ion beam in an orbit within the chamber.
30. The method of claim 29 wherein the neutralized beam is polarized.
31. The method of claim 30 further comprising the step of depolarizing the ion beam.
32. The method of claim 29 wherein the step of injecting the ion beam into the chamber includes injecting the ion beam orthogonal to a principal axis of the chamber and at a radial position from the principle axis where a rotating plasma layer is contained with the field reversed configuration magnetic field.
33. A method of trapping particle beams within a chamber comprising the steps of
maintaining a magnetic field with field reversed topology formed about a rotating plasma within a chamber, including generating an azimuthal electric field within the chamber causing acceleration of plasma ions and electrons,
injecting a particle beam into a chamber, and
trapping the particle beam in an orbit within the chamber.
34. The method of claim 33 wherein the particle beam is an ion beam.
35. The method of claim 34 wherein the step of injecting the ion beam into the chamber includes injecting the ion beam orthogonal to a principal axis of the chamber and at a radial position from the principle axis where a rotating plasma layer is contained with the field reversed configuration magnetic field.