Composite polyamide reverse osmosis membrane and method of producing the same
A composite polyamide reverse osmosis membrane and method of producing same. In a preferred embodiment, the membrane is made by coating a porous polysulfone support with an aqueous solution containing 2 wt % m-phenylenediamine (MPD), and 0.1 wt % di(ethylene glycol) hexyl methyl ether. Next, the excess solution is removed, and the coated support is dipped in 0.1 wt % organic solvent solution of trimesoyl chloride (TMC) in a mixture of alkanes having from 8 to 12 carbon atoms. After draining the TMC solution off, the resulting composite membrane is air dried and then rinsed in a basic aqueous solution. The resultant membrane exhibits a flux of 21.3 gfd and a salt rejection of 98.9% when used at 225 psi for an aqueous solution containing 2000 ppm of NaCl.
1. A method of making a composite reverse osmosis membrane, said method comprising the steps of:
(a) coating a porous support with an aqueous solution comprising a polyfunctional amine so as to form a liquid layer on said porous support;
(b) contacting said liquid layer with an organic solvent solution comprising an amine-reactive reactant selected from the group consisting of a polyfunctional acyl halide, a polyfunctional sulfonyl halide and a polyfunctional isocyanate so as to interfacially condense said amine-reactive reactant with said polyfunctional amine, thereby forming a cross-linked, interfacial polyamide layer on said porous support, wherein at least one of said aqueous solution and said organic solvent solution further comprises a polar compound selected from the group consisting of di(ethylene glycol) normal decyl methyl ether; di(ethylene glycol) normal octyl methyl ether; di(ethylene glycol) benzyl methyl ether; di(ethylene glycol) normal heptyl methyl ether; di(ethylene glycol) normal hexyl methyl ether; di(ethylene glycol) normal pentyl methyl ether; di(ethylene glycol) normal butyl methyl ether; di(ethylene glycol) normal propyl methyl ether; tri(ethylene glycol) normal decyl methyl ether; tri(ethylene glycol) normal octyl methyl ether; tri(ethylene glycol) benzyl methyl ether; tri(ethylene glycol) normal heptyl methyl ether; tri(ethylene glycol) normal hexyl methyl ether; tri(ethylene glycol) normal pentyl methyl ether; tri(ethylene glycol) normal butyl methyl ether; tri(ethylene glycol) normal propyl methyl ether; tetra(ethylene glycol) normal decyl methyl ether; tetra(ethylene glycol) normal octyl methyl ether; tetra(ethylene glycol) benzyl methyl ether; tetra(ethylene glycol) normal heptyl methyl ether; tetra(ethylene glycol) normal hexyl methyl ether; tetra(ethylene glycol) normal pentyl methyl ether; tetra(ethylene glycol) normal butyl methyl ether; tetra(ethylene glycol) normal propyl methyl ether; tetra(ethylene glycol) dimethyl ether; poly(ethylene glycol) dimethyl ether wherein said poly(ethylene glycol) consists of (ethylene glycol) homologues greater than tetra(ethylene glycol); di(ethylene glycol) divinyl ether; tri(ethylene glycol) divinyl ether; tetra(ethylene glycol) divinyl ether; poly(ethylene glycol) divinyl ether wherein said poly(ethylene glycol) consists of (ethylene glycol) homologues greater than tetra(ethylene glycol); and mixtures thereof, and
(c) drying the product of step (b) to form a composite reverse osmosis membrane.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1 further comprising the step of rinsing the product of step (c) in a basic aqueous solution.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein only said aqueous solution of said aqueous solution and said organic solvent solution further comprises said polar compound.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein only said organic solvent solution of said aqueous solution and said organic solvent solution further comprises said polar compound.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein each of said aqueous solution and said organic solvent solution further comprises said polar compound.
6. A method of making a composite reverse osmosis membrane, said method comprising the steps of:
(a) coating a porous support with a mixed solvent comprising water and at least one polar compound so as to form a liquid layer on said porous support, said at least one polar compound being selected from the group consisting ofdi(ethylene glycol) normal decyl methyl ether; di(ethylene glycol) normal octyl methyl ether; di(ethylene glycol) benzyl methyl ether; di(ethylene glycol) normal heptyl methyl ether; di(ethylene glycol) normal hexyl methyl ether; di(ethylene glycol) normal pentyl methyl ether; di(ethylene glycol) normal butyl methyl ether; di(ethylene glycol) normal propyl methyl ether; tri(ethylene glycol) normal decyl methyl ether; tri(ethylene glycol) normal octyl methyl ether; tri(ethylene glycol) benzyl methyl ether; tri(ethylene glycol) normal heptyl methyl ether; tri(ethylene glycol) normal hexyl methyl ether; tri(ethylene glycol) normal pentyl methyl ether; tri(ethylene glycol) normal butyl methyl ether; tri(ethylene glycol) normal propyl methyl ether; tetra(ethylene glycol) normal decyl methyl ether; tetra(ethylene glycol) normal octyl methyl ether; tetra(ethylene glycol) benzyl methyl ether; tetra(ethylene glycol) normal heptyl methyl ether; tetra(ethylene glycol) normal hexyl methyl ether; tetra(ethylene glycol) normal pentyl methyl ether; tetra(ethylene glycol) normal butyl methyl ether; tetra(ethylene glycol) normal propyl methyl ether; tetra(ethylene glycol) dimethyl ether; poly(ethylene glycol) dimethyl ether wherein said poly(ethylene glycol) consists of (ethylene glycol) homologues greater than tetra(ethylene glycol); di(ethylene glycol) divinyl ether; tri(ethylene glycol) divinyl ether; tetra(ethylene glycol) divinyl ether; poly(ethylene glycol) divinyl ether wherein said poly(ethylene glycol) consists of (ethylene glycol) homologues greater than tetra(ethylene glycol); and mixtures thereof;
(b) coating said liquid layer with an aqueous solution comprising a polyfunctional amine so as to form a doubly-coated liquid layer on said porous support;
(c) contacting said doubly-coated liquid layer with an organic solvent solution comprising an amine-reactive reactant selected from the group consisting of a polyfunctional acyl halide, a polyfunctional sulfonyl halide and a polyfunctional isocyanate so as to interfacially condense said amine-reactive reactant with said polyfunctional amine, thereby forming a cross-linked, interfacial polyamide layer on said porous support; and
(d) drying the product of step (c) to form a composite reverse osmosis membrane.