Production of hydrogen from non-cyclic organic substances having multiple alcohol functionality
A method of producing hydrogen gas from a reaction of an organic substance having multiple alcohol functionality with a base. Hydrogen can be produced in a reaction of a base with an organic substance having multiple alcohol functionality that may proceed through the formation of a bicarbonate or carbonate compound as a byproduct. In some embodiments, the reaction may occur in the presence of water. The preferred organic substances include diols, triols, and higher order alcohols. Non-cyclic (linear or branched) organic substances having multiple alcohol functionality are among the preferred reactants. The instant base-facilitated hydrogen-producing reactions are thermodynamically more spontaneous than the corresponding conventional reformation reactions of the organic substances and can produce hydrogen at less extreme reaction conditions. The preferred reactants further include low volatility organic substances having multiple alcohol functionality. Such reactants permit the efficient formation of hydrogen in a liquid phase system and enable a continuous reaction capability in the liquid phase without the need to condense volatilized reactant.
1. A process for producing hydrogen gas comprising the step of reacting a non-cyclic organic substance having multiple alcohol functionality with a base and optionally water to form said hydrogen gas along with a carbonate and/or a bicarbonate by-product.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein said organic substance is a diol.
3. The process of claim 2 , wherein said organic substance is ethylene glycol.
4. The process of claim 1 , wherein said organic substance is a triol.
5. The process of claim 4 , wherein said organic substance is glycerol.
6. The process of claim 1 , wherein said reaction between said organic substance and said base occurs in the liquid phase.
7. The process of claim 1 , wherein said reaction between said organic substance and said base occurs between a vapor phase organic substance and a solid phase base.
8. The process of claim 1 , wherein said organic substance and said base are reacted in the presence of water.
9. The process of claim 1 , wherein said reaction step further forms a salt of an organic acid.
10. The process of claim 1 , wherein said base is a metal hydroxide compound.
11. The process of claim 10 , wherein said metal hydroxide compound is an alkaline earth metal hydroxide compound.
12. The process of claim 1 , wherein said reaction step occurs at a temperature below the boiling temperature of said organic substance.
13. The process of claim 1 , where said reaction step further forms a salt of an oxidized form of said organic substance.
14. The process of claim 13 , wherein said salt is the salt of an organic acid.
15. The process of claim 1 , further including the step of reacting said carbonate or bicarbonate with a metal hydroxide compound.
16. The process of claim 1 , further including the step of thermally decomposing said carbonate or bicarbonate, said thermal decomposition step producing a metal oxide.
17. The process of claim 1 , wherein said reaction step includes an electrochemical reaction, said electrochemical reaction occurring in an electrochemical cell into which said organic substance, said base and an electrolyte are placed to form an electrochemical reaction system, said electrochemical cell including an anode and cathode in contact with said electrochemical system, said electrochemical reaction being initiated upon applying a voltage between said anode and said cathode.
18. The process of claim 1 , wherein the Gibbs free energy of the reaction between the hydrocarbon and the base at 25 degrees Celsius and 1 atmosphere pressure is negative.
19. The process of claim 1 , wherein hydrogen gas is substantially the only gas phase substance formed by said reaction between said base and said non-cyclic organic substance having multiple alcohol functionality.
20. A process for producing hydrogen gas comprising the step of reacting a non-cyclic organic substance having multiple alcohol functionality with a base and optionally water to form said hydrogen gas without any substantial production of carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide.
21. The process of claim 20 , wherein said hydrogen is the only gaseous product of said step of reacting.