Determining prognosis of colon or breast cancer by measuring TTK expression
The present invention provides methods for identification of cancerous cells by detection of expression levels of TTK, as well as diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic methods that take advantage of the differential expression of these genes in mammalian cancer. Such methods can be useful in determining the ability of a subject to respond to a particular therapy, e.g., as the basis of rational therapy. In addition, the invention provides assays for identifying pharmaceuticals that modulate activity of these genes in cancers in which these genes are involved, as well as methods of inhibiting tumor growth by inhibiting activity of TTK.
1. A method for assessing the prognosis of a human subject having colon or breast cancer, the method comprising:
detecting a level of expression of a TTK-encoding polynucleotide in a test sample, wherein the test sample is derived from tissue of the same type, tumor, blood, plasma, or serum; and
comparing the level of expression of the TTK-encoding polynucleotide in the test sample with a level of expression of the polynucleotide in a control non-cancer sample of the same type;
wherein an increased level of expression of TTK in the test sample relative to the level of expression of the TTK-encoding polynucleotide in the control non-cancer sample is indicative of a poor prognosis for the subject.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said detecting expression is by detection of a TTK-encoding transcript.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the test sample is a colon sample.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the test sample is a breast sample cell.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the breast cancer is ductal carcinoma in situ, infiltrating ductal carcinoma, lobular carcinoma in situ, infiltrating lobular carcinoma, inflammatory breast cancer, medullary carcinoma, mucinous carcinoma, Paget's disease of the nipple, Phyllodes tumor, or tubular carcinoma.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the colon cancer is familial adenomatous polyposis, Gardner's syndrome, hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer or familial colorectal cancer.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein a poor prognosis is indicated by an increase in the expression level of the TTK-encoding polynucleotide in the test sample of at least 2 fold relative to the level of expression of the TTK-encoding polynucleotide in the normal non-cancer sample.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein a poor prognosis is indicated by an increase in the expression level of the TTK-encoding polynucleotide in the test sample of at least 2.5 fold relative to the level of expression of the TTK-encoding polynucleotide in the normal non-cancer sample.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein a poor prognosis is indicated by an increase in the expression level of the TTK-encoding polynucleotide in the test sample of at least 5 fold relative to the level of expression of the TTK-encoding polynucleotide in the normal non-cancer sample.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein TTK expression is detected by measuring TTK mRNA levels.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein TTK expression is detected by measuring TTK polypeptide levels.
12. The method of claim 1 further comprising detecting differential expression of at least one of p53, DCC, ras, FAP MAPKAPK2, MARCKS and IGF2 polynucleotide in the test sample relative to the normal non-cancer sample.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein the differential expression of p53, DCC, ras, FAP MAPKAPK2, MARCKS and IGF2 is upregulation of expression of at least one of p53, DCC, ras, FAP MAPKAPK2, MARCKS and IGF2 compared to a control.
14. The method of claim 12 wherein increased expression of TTK and differential expression of p53, DCC, ras, FAP MAPKAPK2, MARCKS and IGF2 polynucleotide in the test sample relative to the normal non-cancer sample indicates that the subject has a poor prognosis.
15. The method of claim 1 wherein expression levels of TTK polynucleotide are measured using PCR or hybridization under stringent conditions, wherein said conditions comprise incubation at 42° C. in 50% formamide, 5×SSC, and 0.2% SDS.
16. The method of claim 1 wherein the TTK polynucleotide comprises a nucleotide sequence at least 95% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO:13.
17. The method of claim 16 wherein the nucleotide sequence at least 95% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO:13 encodes a TTK polypeptide with protein kinase activity.
18. The method of claim 1 wherein the TTK polynucleotide comprises a nucleotide sequence at least 98% identical to a sequence of SEQ ID NO:13.
19. The method of claim 1 wherein the TTK polynucleotide comprises the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:13.
20. The method of claim 1 wherein the TTK polynucleotide comprises a nucleotide sequence encoding at least 25 contiguous amino acids of SEQ ID NO:14.
21. The method of claim 1 wherein the TTK polynucleotide comprises a nucleotide sequence comprising between 15 to 100 contiguous nucleotides of SEQ ID NO:13.