Electrochromic monomers and polymers for a switchable window
Syntheses of a new blue EC monomer (ProDOT-MePro), and a new red EC monomer (ProDOP-Et2) are described. Two additional new types of EC monomers based on 3,4-alkylenedioxythiophene include fluorinated EC monomers and an EC monomer including silicon. EC polymer devices having more than one different color EC polymer to enable additional colors to be provided using subtractive color mixing are also described, as well as EC polymer devices incorporating a logo, image, or text, are generally obscured when the device is colored, but become visible when the device is not colored. Also described are EC polymer devices that include a cathodic EC polymer layer, a gel electrolyte, a counter electrode, and a reference electrode. Working prototypes of such devices exhibit significant increases in the speed of transition of the EC device from a colored state to a transparent state.
1. An electrochromic monomer having a formula selected from the group consisting essentially of:
(a) 3-methyl-3′-propyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-thieno(3,4-b)(1,4)dioxepine;
(b) 3,3-diethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H,7H-(1,4)dioxepino(2,3-c)pyrrole;
(c) 3,4-bis-R-thiophene, wherein R comprises one of:
(i) 2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy;
(ii) 2-fluoro-ethoxy;
(iii) 2,3,4,5,6, pentafluorobenzoxy; and
(iii) 2,2-difluoro-1-3-propoxy; and
(d) 6,6-dimethyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-4,8-dioxa-2-thia-6-sila-azulene.
2. An electrochromic polymer having a formula selected from the group consisting essentially of:
(a) poly[3-methyl-3′-propyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-thieno(3,4-b)(1,4)dioxepine], such an electrochromic polymer exhibiting a blue color in at least one state; and
(b) poly[3,3-diethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H,7H-(1,4)dioxepino(2,3-c)pyrrole], such an electrochromic polymer exhibiting a red color in at least one state.
3. An electrochromic monomer having the formula 3-methyl-3′-propyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-thieno(3,4-b)(1,4)dioxepine.
4. A blue electrochromic polymer having the formula poly[3-methyl-3′-propyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-thieno(3,4-b)(1,4)dioxepine].
5. An electrochromic monomer having the formula 3,3-diethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H,7H-(1,4)dioxepino(2,3-c)pyrrole.
6. A red electrochromic polymer having the formula poly[3,3-diethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H,7H-(1,4)dioxepino(2,3-c)pyrrole].
7. An electrochromic monomer having the formula 3,4-bis-R-thiophene, wherein R comprises one of:
(a) 2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy;
(b) 2-fluoro-ethoxy;
(c) 2,3,4,5,6, pentafluorobenzoxy; and
(d) 2,2-difluoro-1-3-propoxy.
8. An electrochromic monomer having the formula 6,6-dimethy-6,7-dihydro-5H-4,8-dioxa-2-thia-6-sila-azulene.