Method and system for charging multi-cell lithium-based batteries
A method and system for charging multi-cell lithium-based batteries. In some aspects, a battery charger includes a housing, at least one terminal to electrically connect to a battery pack supported by the housing, and a controller operable to provide a charging current to the battery pack through the at least one terminal. The battery pack includes a plurality of lithium-based battery cells, with each battery cell of the plurality of battery cells having an individual state of charge. The controller is operable to control the charging current being supplied to the battery pack at least in part based on the individual state of charge of at least one battery cell.
1. A battery charger, comprising:
a housing;
at least three terminals including a positive terminal, a negative terminal, and a sense terminal to electrically connect to a power tool battery pack supported by the housing, the battery pack including a plurality of lithium-based battery cells, each battery cell of the plurality of battery cells having an individual state of charge; and
a controller operable to supply a charging current to the battery pack through at least one of the positive terminal and the negative terminal, the controller being operable to control the charging current being supplied to the battery pack based at least in part on the individual state of charge of at least one battery cell,
wherein each battery cell of the plurality of battery cells is individually tapped such that the controller is operable to monitor the respective individual state of charge thereof via the sense terminal.
2. The battery charger of claim 1 , wherein the controller is further operable to supply a charging current to the battery pack by supplying the charging current in a plurality of pulses of charging current, the plurality of pulses each having a first period of time, in which the charging current is being supplied to the battery pack at a predefined amplitude, and a second period of time, in which the supply of charging current is suspended.
3. The battery charger of claim 2 , wherein the controller is further operable to control the charging current being supplied to the battery pack by modifying at least one of the first period of time and the second period of time.
4. The battery charger of claim 1 , wherein the controller includes a first charging module and a second charging module, the first charging module being operable to provide a first charging current to the battery pack, the second charging module being operable to provide a second charging current to the battery pack, and wherein the controller implements one of the first charging module and the second charging module based at least in part on the individual state of charge of the at least one battery cell.
5. The battery charger of claim 4 , wherein the first charging current and the second charging current differ in one of average current amplitude and duty-cycle.
6. The battery charger of claim 1 , wherein the controller is further operable to control the charging current being supplied to the battery pack based at least in part on battery temperature.
7. The battery charger of claim 1 , wherein the battery cells have a lithium-manganese spinel chemistry.
8. An electrical combination, comprising:
a power tool battery having a battery temperature and including
a battery housing,
a plurality of lithium-based battery cells supported by the battery housing, each battery cell having an individual state of charge, and
at least three battery terminals supported by the battery housing and electrically connected to the plurality of battery cells, the at least three battery terminals including a sense terminal,
each battery cell of the plurality of battery cells being individually tapped such that its respective individual state of charge is monitorable; and
a battery charger including
a charger housing,
at least three charger terminals to electrically connect to the at least three battery terminals, the at least three charger terminals including a charger sense terminal, and
a controller operable to supply a charging current to the battery through at least one of the at least three terminals, the controller being operable to control the charging current being supplied to the battery based at least in part on an individual state of charge of at least one battery cell monitored via the charger sense terminal.
9. The electrical combination of claim 8 , wherein the battery further includes a battery controller operable to measure the individual state of charge of each tapped battery cell, to measure the temperature of the battery, and to communicate the temperature of the battery and the individual state of charge of each battery cell to the controller of the battery charger.
10. The electrical combination of claim 8 , wherein the controller is further operable to control the charging current being supplied to the battery based on the temperature of the battery.
11. The electrical combination of claim 8 , wherein the battery cells have a lithium-manganese spinel chemistry.
12. A battery charger, comprising:
a housing;
at least three terminals including a positive terminal, a negative terminal, and a sense terminal to electrically connect to a power tool battery pack supported by the housing, the battery pack including a plurality of lithium-based battery cells, each battery cell of the plurality of battery cells having an individual state of charge; and
a controller operable to supply a charging current to the battery pack through at least one of the positive terminal and the negative terminal, the controller being operable to control the charging current being supplied to the battery pack based at least in part on the individual state of charge of at least one battery cell, wherein the individual state of charge of at least one battery cell is communicated to the controller via the sense terminal.
13. The battery charger of claim 12 , wherein the controller is further operable to supply a charging current to the battery pack by supplying the charging current in a plurality of pulses of charging current, the plurality of pulses each having a first period of time, in which the charging current is being supplied to the battery pack at a predefined amplitude, and a second period of time, in which the supply of charging current is suspended.
14. The battery charger of claim 13 , wherein the controller is further operable to control the charging current being supplied to the battery pack by modifying at least one of the first period of time and the second period of time.
15. The battery charger of claim 12 , wherein the controller is operable to receive the individual state of charge of each battery cell of the plurality of battery cells.
16. The battery charger of claim 12 , wherein the controller includes a first charging module and a second charging module, the first charging module being operable to provide a first charging current to the battery pack, the second charging module being operable to provide a second charging current to the battery pack, and wherein the controller implements one of the first charging module and the second charging module based at least in part on the individual state of charge of the at least one battery cell.
17. The battery charger of claim 16 , wherein the first charging current and the second charging current differ in one of average current amplitude and duty-cycle.
18. The battery charger of claim 12 , wherein the battery cells have a lithium-manganese spinel chemistry.