Biomass based Michael addition compositions
Functional mixtures and polymer compositions are provided, each comprising at least one multi-functional Michael acceptor, at least one multi-functional Michael donor, in which at least 20% of either the donor or acceptor or a combination of the donor and acceptor is derived from bio-based materials and at least one catalyst.
1. A functional mixture comprising:
(i) at least one multi-functional Michael acceptor;
(ii) at least one multi-functional Michael donor; and
(iii) at least one weakly basic catalyst, wherein the pKa of the conjugate acid of said weakly basic catalyst is 5.5 or less;
wherein the at least one Michael acceptor is present in an amount greater than 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the functional mixture and whose chemical backbone is derived from bio-based feedstock.
2. An article formed by a process comprising the step of curing the functional mixture of claim 1 , wherein said article is an adhesive, sealant, elastomer, a foam, a film, a coating or a combination thereof.
3. A biodegradable or compostable polymer composition formed by a process comprising curing the functional mixture of claim 1 .
4. The functional mixture of claim 1 , wherein said functional mixture has at least 75% solids by weight based on the total weight of said functional mixture.
5. The functional mixture of claim 1 , wherein said functional mixture is capable of curing at 23° C. in 7 days or less.
6. A functional mixture comprising:
(i) at least one multi-functional Michael acceptor;
(ii) at least one multi-functional Michael donor; and
(iii) at least one basic catalyst;
wherein the at least one Michael acceptor is present in an amount greater than 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the functional mixture and whose chemical backbone is derived from bio-based feedstock, wherein said feedstock comprises epoxidized crop oils.
7. The functional mixture of claim 6 , wherein said Michael acceptor comprises di-acrylate of epoxidized soya oil.
8. An article formed by a process comprising the step of curing the functional mixture of claim 6 wherein said article is an adhesive, sealant, elastomer, a foam, a film, a coating or a combination thereof.
9. A biodegradable or compostable polymer formed by a process comprising the step of curing the functional mixture of claim 6 .
10. The functional mixture of claim 6 , wherein said functional mixture has at least 75% solids by weight based on the total weight of said functional mixture.
11. The functional mixture of claim 6 , wherein said functional mixture is capable of curing at 23° C. in 7 days or less.
12. A functional mixture comprising:
(i) at least one multi-functional Michael acceptor;
(ii) at least one multi-functional Michael donor; and
(iii) at least one basic catalyst, wherein the pKa of the conjugate acid of said weakly basic catalyst is 5.5 or less;
wherein the at least one Michael donor is present in an amount greater than 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the functional mixture and whose chemical backbone is derived from bio-based feedstock.
13. An article formed by a process comprising the step of curing the functional mixture of claim 12 wherein said article is an adhesive, sealant, elastomer, a foam, a film, a coating or a combination thereof.
14. A biodegradable or compostable polymer composition formed by a process comprising the step of curing the functional mixture of claim 12 .
15. The functional mixture of claim 12 , wherein said functional mixture has at least 75% solids by weight based on the total weight of said functional mixture.
16. The functional mixture of claim 12 , wherein said functional mixture is capable of curing at 23° C. in 7 days or less.
17. A functional mixture comprising:
(i) at least one multi-functional Michael acceptor,
(ii) at least one multi-functional Michael donor; and
(iii) at least one weakly basic catalyst, wherein the pKa of the conjugate acid of said weakly basic catalyst is 5.5 or less;
wherein the sum of the weights of the donor and acceptor whose chemical backbone is derived from bio-based feedstock are greater than 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the functional mixture, and wherein the catalyst is selected from the group consisting of sodium salts of carboxylic acids, magnesium salts of carboxylic acids, aluminum salts of carboxylic acids, chromium salts of alkyl carboxylic acids having 6 or fewer carbon atoms, chromium salts of aromatic carboxylic acids, potassium salts of alkyl mono-carboxylic acids having 6 or fewer carbon atoms, potassium salts of multi-carboxylic acids, potassium salts of phosphoric acid esters, and mixtures thereof.
18. An article formed by a process comprising the step of curing the functional mixture of claim 17 wherein said article is an adhesive, sealant, elastomer, a foam, a film, a coating or a combination thereof.
19. A biodegradable or compostable polymer composition formed by a process comprising the step of curing the functional mixture of claim 17 .