Fatty acid monomers to reduce emissions and toughen polymers
Novel fatty acid monomers and methods for their synthesis are provided for use in polymerization reactions. Fatty acid monomers are employed as reactive diluents in the polymerization of vinyl esters and polyesters for one or more purposes selected from improving the fracture resistance, lowering the processing viscosity and reducing the volatile organic compounds present in the polymerization mixture.
1. A fatty acid monomer of the formula 1b:
wherein the R—COO— group of the fatty acid monomer is derived from a fatty acid selected from the group consisting of linoleic acid, linolenic acid and a fatty acid mixture obtained from safflower oil.
2. A fatty acid monomer as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the fatty acid monomer is derived from linoleic acid.
3. A fatty acid monomer as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the fatty acid monomer is derived from linolenic acid.
4. A fatty acid monomer as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the fatty acid monomer is derived from a fatty acid mixture obtained from safflower oil.
5. A fatty acid monomer of the formula 1b,
wherein R is selected from the group consisting of any C 2 —C 30 acetylenic alkyl residue, hydroxy alkyl residue, carboxylic acid alkyl residue, divinyl ether alkyl residue, sulfur-containing alkyl residue, amide alkyl residue, methoxy alkyl residue, keto alkyl residue, halogenated alkyl residue, branched methoxy alkyl residue, branched hydroxyl alkyl residue, epoxy alkyl residue, fatty acyl-CoA alkyl residue, cyclopropane alkyl residue, cyclopentenyl alkyl residue, cyclohexyl alkyl residue, furanoid alkyl residue, phenylalkanoic alkyl residue, and lipoic alkyl residue.
6. A fatty acid monomer as claimed in claim 5 , wherein R is selected from the group consisting of any C 2 —C 30 hydroxy alkyl residue, carboxylic acid alkyl residue, divinyl ether alkyl residue, sulfur-containing alkyl residue and branched hydroxyl alkyl residue.
7. A fatty acid monomer of the formula 1b:
wherein wherein R is selected from the group consisting of a C 22 —C 30 saturated alkyl residue, a C 22 —C 30 unsaturated alkyl residue; and any C 2 —C 30 acetylenic alkyl residue, hydroxy alkyl residue, carboxylic acid alkyl residue, divinyl ether alkyl residue, sulfur—containing alkyl residue, amide alkyl residue methoxy alkyl residue, keto alkyl residue, halogenated alkyl residue, branched methoxy alkyl residue, branched hydroxyl alkyl residue, epoxy alkyl residue, fatty acyl-CoA alkyl residue, cyclopropane alkyl residue, cyclopentenyl alkyl residue, cyclohexyl alkyl residue, furanoid alkyl residue, phenylalkanoic alkyl residue, and lipoic alkyl residue and the fatty acid monomer is a hydrocarbon of up to 26 atoms in length.
8. A fatty acid monomer of the formula:
wherein R′ is CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 —.