Signal processing methods for ground penetrating radar from elevated platforms
Methods and systems for using ground penetrating radar (GPR) to obtain subsurface images. The depression angle, frequency, and polarization can all be adjusted for the soil conditions at hand. In particular, the depression angle is set at the “pseudo-Brewster angle” for improved ground penetration.
1. A method of improving the data from ground penetrating radar (GPR) signals transmitted from an airborne platform into the ground and reflected from an object or feature in the ground, comprising:
selecting a frequency for the signal, based on characteristics of the ground and a desired depth of penetration of the signal into the ground;
wherein the frequency is in the range of 1 MHz to 1 GHz;
selecting a wave angle for the signal that minimizes the reflection coefficient for the signal at the interface between air and the ground;
at the selected frequency and selected wave angle: acquiring a first set of signal return data from a vertically polarized GPR signal, and simultaneously or nearly simultaneously acquiring a second set of signal return data from a horizontally polarized GPR signal;
differencing the first set of signal return data and the second set of signal return data, such that data resulting from surface reflections are cancelled from the differenced data; and
analyzing the non-cancelled data to determine data representing subsurface reflections of the vertically polarized GPR signal and the horizontally polarized GPR signal, thereby obtaining data representing subsurface features.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the processing is performed using a coherent differencing method.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inspection platform is a helicopter having antennas on the tips of both rotor blades and are configured to inspect the ground directly under the helicopter.