Display employing organic material
A display is disclosed. The display includes a plurality of pixels configured to emit light. The display also includes a plurality of pixel control circuits that are each configured to regulate emission of light from a pixel. The pixel control circuits each include one or more two-terminal switching devices that include an organic semiconductor.
1. A method of forming an active matrix display, comprising:
obtaining a substrate for use in a backplane of the display; and
forming a plurality of pixel control circuits on the substrate, each pixel control circuit comprising at least one three-layer two-terminal switching device and being configured to regulate light from a pixel;
wherein forming at least one two-terminal switching device comprises
forming a first electrode of the switching device;
forming a patterned semiconductor layer over at least a portion of the first electrode; and
forming a second electrode over at least a portion of the semiconductor layer and overlying at least a portion of the first electrode, wherein forming at least one electrode comprises using a liquid-phase method, and wherein the formed three-layer two-terminal switching device allows passage of a substantially higher current in a forward bias than in a reverse bias.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one electrode comprises an organic conductor.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the organic conductor is selected from a group consisting of polyaniline, polypyrrole, and polyethylene dioxythiophene.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein forming the at least one electrode includes depositing the organic conductor on the substrate from a solution.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the liquid-phase method is selected from a group consisting of spin-coating, spray-coating and dip-coating.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the liquid-phase method deposits an electrode material in a pattern.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the liquid-phase method comprises ink-jet printing, thermal transfer printing, silk-screen printing or offset printing.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the liquid-phase method comprises ink-jet printing.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the substrate has a melting point less than 350 degrees C.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein forming a patterned semiconductor layer comprises depositing a semiconductor material using a liquid-phase method.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the semiconductor layer comprises an organic semiconductor.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the semiconductor is selected from a group consisting of a polymer, a conjugated polymer and an oligomer.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the semiconductor includes one or more polymers having a backbone with units selected from a group consisting of acetylenes, phenylenes, vinylenes, fluorenes, thiophenes and cyclopentadithiophenes.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein forming the semiconductor layer comprises depositing a semiconductor on the substrate using a method selected from a group consisting of spin-coating, spray-coating or dip-coating.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein forming the semiconductor layer on the substrate comprises modifying one or more portions of the substrate such that the solution preferentially adheres to regions of the substrate.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein forming the semiconductor layer on the substrate comprises printing a semiconductor on the substrate.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein printing the semiconductor on the substrate includes ink-jet printing, thermal transfer printing, silk-screen printing or offset printing.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein depositing the semiconductor on the substrate includes ink-jet printing.
19. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
including the substrate and pixel control circuits in a Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMs) display, an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display, an electrochromic display, a Liquid Crystal Display, or an electrophoretic display.
20. The method of claim 19 , comprising:
including the substrate and pixel control circuits on an electrophoretic display.
21. The method of claim 1 , wherein the two-terminal switching device is a diode.
22. The method of claim 1 , wherein the two-terminal switching device has a rectification ratio of at least about 10 5 .
23. The method of claim 1 , wherein the two-terminal switching device allows passage of current in forward bias that is at least 10 times greater than the current in reverse bias.
24. The method of claim 1 , wherein the two-terminal switching device has a ratio of about 10 3 to 10 9 between a the current passing at a voltage at which the switching device is on and a current passing at a voltage at which the switching device is off.
25. The method of claim 1 , comprising depositing all of the three layers of at least one of the plurality of two-terminal switching devices using liquid-phase methods.
26. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first electrode of the switching device is formed by a non liquid-phase method, and the second electrode of the switching device is formed by a liquid-phase method.
27. A method of forming an active matrix electrophoretic display, comprising:
obtaining a substrate for use in a backplane of the display; and
forming a plurality of pixel control circuits on the substrate, each pixel control circuit comprising at least one three-layer two-terminal switching device and being configured to regulate light from a pixel;
wherein forming at least one two-terminal switching device comprises
forming a first electrode of the switching device;
forming a patterned semiconductor layer over at least a portion of the first electrode;
forming a second electrode over at least a portion of the semiconductor layer and overlying at least a portion of the first electrode, wherein forming at least one electrode comprises using a liquid-phase method, and
including the substrate and pixel control circuits on an electrophoretic display.
28. The method of claim 27 , wherein the at least one electrode comprises an organic conductor.
29. The method of claim 28 , wherein the organic conductor is selected from a group consisting of polyaniline, polypyrrole, and polyethylene dioxythiophene.
30. The method of claim 28 , wherein forming the at least one electrode includes depositing the organic conductor on the substrate from a solution.
31. The method of claim 27 , wherein the liquid-phase method is selected from a group consisting of spin-coating, spray-coating and dip-coating.
32. The method of claim 27 , wherein the liquid-phase method deposits an electrode material in a pattern.
33. The method of claim 32 , wherein the liquid-phase method comprises ink-jet printing, thermal transfer printing, silk-screen printing or offset printing.
34. The method of claim 33 , wherein the liquid-phase method comprises ink-jet printing.
35. The method of claim 27 , wherein the substrate has a melting point less than 350 degrees C.
36. The method of claim 27 , wherein the two-terminal switching device is a diode.
37. The method of claim 27 , wherein the two-terminal switching device has a rectification ratio of at least about 10 5 .
38. The method of claim 27 , wherein the two-terminal switching device has a ratio of about 10 3 to 10 9 between a the current passing at a voltage at which the switching device is on and a current passing at a voltage at which the switching device is off.
39. The method of claim 27 , comprising depositing all of the three layers of at least one of the plurality of two-terminal switching devices using liquid-phase methods.
40. The method of claim 27 , wherein the first electrode of the switching device is formed by a non liquid-phase method, and the second electrode of the switching device is formed by a liquid-phase method.