Spread spectrum communication system using a quasi-geostationary satellite
The invention refers to a satellite communications system with a mobile user terminal. In order to provide a satellite communications system which enables communication with a mobile user terminal via conventional communication satellites on any area of interest on earth, a quasi-geostationary satellite is operated in an inclined orbit and sends a spread downlink signal s′ (t) to said area of interest on earth to be received and despreaded by a mobile user terminal.
1. Method for sending a downlink signal to a mobile antenna with a low directivity within an area of interest on earth, comprising the steps of:
operating a satellite as a quasi-geostationary satellite in an inclined orbit having an inclination outside the typical specification of ±0.05° in latitude with regard to the zero inclination of the station-keeping window, and
sending a spread downlink signal from said quasi-geostationary satellite to said area of interest on earth, wherein the spread downlink signal permits communication from the quasi-geostationary satellite, due to the high signal-to-noise ratio of spread spectrum modulation, that is not possible with a high bandwidth transmission used in a geostationary orbit.
2. Method according to claim 1 , wherein said spread downlink signal has a frequency of above 10 GHz.
3. Method according to claim 1 , farther comprising the steps of modulating an uplink signal by spread spectrum modulation with a certain spreading ratio to generate a spread uplink signal, transmitting said spread uplink signal to said quasi-geostationary satellite, and converting said spread uplink signal to said spread downlink signal.
4. Method according to claim 1 , comprising the steps of transmitting an uplink signal to said quasi-geostationary satellite, on-board processing in said quasi-geostationary satellite the uplink signal by spread spectrum modulation with a certain spreading ratio to generate said spread downlink signal.
5. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the station keeping control of said satellite is restricted to longitude drift corrections and eccentricity corrections.
6. Method according to claim 1 , wherein additional satellites are operated in co-location with said quasi-geostationary satellite forming a satellite cluster.
7. Method according to claim 6 , wherein each satellite in said satellite cluster sends a separate spread downlink signal.
8. Method according to claim 7 , wherein each spread downlink signal is given its own spreading sequence with low pair-wise cross-correlation for code-division multiple access (CDMA).
9. Method according to claim 6 , wherein at least two satellites of said satellite cluster send a reference signal, wherein each reference signal comprises a reference time information and a reference orbit information with regard to the sending satellite.
10. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the spread downlink signal has a spreading ratio which is adjusted in combination with a channel coding such that the error probability of the despread and decoded downlink signal will be sufficiently low under the assumption of a given antenna gain of the adaptive phase array antenna.
11. Method according to claim 10 , wherein the error probability to be achieved is in the order of 10 −8 .
12. Mobile user terminal, comprising:
a mobile antenna with a low directivity, adapted to receive a spread downlink signal which is emitted by a satellite operating as a quasi-geostationary satellite in an inclined orbit having an inclination outside the typical specification of ±0.05° in latitude with regard to the zero inclination of the station-keeping window, and
a processing unit for demodulating said spread downlink signal by spread spectrum demodulation, wherein the spread downlink signal permits communication from the quasi-geostationary satellite, due to the high signal-to-noise ratio of spread spectrum modulation, that is not possible with a high bandwidth transmission used in a geostationary orbit.
13. Mobile user terminal according to claim 12 , wherein the mobile antenna is adapted to receive signals with a frequency of above 10 GHz.
14. Mobile user terminal according to claim 12 , wherein the mobile antenna with a low directivity is a non-directional flat antenna.
15. Mobile user terminal according to claim 12 , wherein the mobile antenna with a low directivity is an adaptive phase array antenna based on a planar technology and capable of adaptive beam forming.
16. Mobile user terminal according to claim 12 , wherein the mobile antenna is adapted to receive reference signals sent from the quasi-geostationary satellite and at least another satellite operated in co-location with the quasi-geostationary satellite, wherein each reference signal comprises a reference time information and a reference orbit information with regard to the sending satellite and wherein the processing unit comprises a location processor for determining the coordinates of the mobile user terminal on the basis of the reference signals.