Ternary carbide and nitride composites having tribological applications and methods of making same
A turbomachinery component includes a substrate having a surface, the surface consisting essentially of at least one composite of at least one metal and at least one compound having the chemical formula M n+1 AX n , wherein M is at least one early transition metal selected from groups IIIB, IVB, VB, and VIB, A is at least one element selected from groups IIIA, IVA, VA, VIA, and VIIA, X is one or both of carbon and nitrogen, and n is an integer between 1 and 3. The component is made by compressing a powdered material to form a substrate that consists essentially of the composite and sintering the substrate, or by coating a substrate with the composite.
1. A turbomachinery component, comprising:
a substrate having a surface, the surface consisting essentially of at least one composite of at least one metal and at least one compound having the chemical formula M n+1 AX n ,
wherein the at least one metal comprises at least one soft metal selected from the group consisting of silver and gold, and
wherein M is at least one early transition metal selected from groups IIIB, IVB, VB, and VIB, A is at least one element selected from groups IIIA, IVA, VA, VIA, and VIIA, X is one or both of carbon and nitrogen, and n is an integer between 1 and 3, and the at least one compound does not include Ti 2 AlN.
2. The turbomachinery component according to claim 1 , wherein the transition metal is at least one element selected from the group consisting of scandium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, hafnium, and tantalum, and
the group A element is at least one element selected from the group consisting of aluminum, gallium, indium, tellurium, silicon, geranium, tin, lead, phosphorus, arsenic, and sulfur.
3. The turbomachinery component according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one composite comprises at least one metal and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of Cr 2 AlC, V 2 AlC, Ti 3 AlC 2 , Ti 4 AlN 3 , Ta 2 AlC, Ta 4 AlC 3 , and Ti 3 SiC 2 .
4. The turbomachinery component according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one composite comprises gold or silver, and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of Cr 2 AlC and Ta 2 AlC.
5. A turbomachinery component, comprising:
a substrate having a surface, the surface consisting essentially of at least one composite of at least one soft metal selected from the group consisting of silver and gold and at least one compound having the chemical formula M n+1 AX n ,
wherein M is at least one early transition metal selected from groups IIIB, IVB, VB, and VIB, A is at least one element selected from groups IIIA, IVA, VA, VIA, and VIIA, X is one or both of carbon and nitrogen, and n is an integer between 1 and 3.
6. The turbomachinery component according to claim 5 , wherein the transition metal is at least one element selected from the group consisting of scandium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, hafnium, and tantalum, and the group A element is at least one element selected from the group consisting of aluminum, gallium, indium, tellurium, silicon, geranium, tin, lead, phosphorus, arsenic, and sulfur.
7. The turbomachinery component according to claim 5 , wherein the at least one composite comprises at least one metal and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of Cr 2 AlC, V 2 AlC, Ti 2 AlC, Ti 3 AlC 2 , Ti 4 AlN 3 , Ta 2 AlC, Ta 4 AlC 3 , Ti 2 AlN, and Ti 3 SiC 2 .
8. The turbomachinery component according to claim 5 , wherein the at least one compound is selected from the group consisting of Cr 2 AlC and Ta 2 AlC.
9. A turbomachinery component, comprising:
a substrate having a surface, the surface consisting essentially of at least one composite of at least one metal and at least one compound,
wherein:
the at least one metal comprises at least one soft metal selected from the group consisting of silver and gold, and
the at least one compound is selected from the group consisting of Cr 2 AlC, V 2 AlC, Ti 3 AlC 2 , Ti 4 AlN 3 , Ta 2 AlC, Ta 4 AlC 3 , and Ti 3 SiC2.
10. The turbomachinery component according to claim 9 , wherein the at least one composite comprises gold or silver, and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of Cr 2 AlC and Ta 2 AlC.