Passive reflection mixer
In one aspect, a mixer that provides improved isolation between an input oscillator and a mixing cell. In another aspect, a mixer that includes circuitry operative to shape an input signal provided by a local oscillator.
1. A mixer, comprising:
a first input port for receiving a first input signal from a local oscillator;
a mixing cell for combining the first input signal with a second input signal to produce an output signal; and
first circuitry coupled between the mixing cell and the first input port for shaping the first input signal,
wherein the mixing cell comprises first and second transistors, each having gate, drain and source terminals and
wherein the first circuitry comprises a pair of parallel R-C networks coupled in series between each gate of the transistors.
2. The mixer of claim 1 , wherein the first input signal comprises one or more pulses and the first circuitry reduces the rise and fall times of at least one of the one or more pulses.
3. The mixer of claim 1 , wherein the second input signal is at a predetermined frequency and the output signal is at a frequency less than the predetermined frequency.
4. The mixer of claim 1 , wherein when the second input signal is at a predetermined frequency and the output signal is at a frequency greater than the predetermined frequency.
5. The mixer of claim 1 , wherein the local oscillator is connected at a point between the pair of parallel R-C networks.
6. The mixer of claim 1 , wherein the transistors comprise field effect transistors (FETs).
7. The mixer of claim 1 , wherein the second input signal is coupled to the mixing cell through a transformer.
8. The mixer of claim 1 , wherein the output signal is coupled from the mixing cell through a transformer.
9. The mixer of claims 7 or 8 , wherein the transformer comprises a 0/180 degree transformer.
10. A mixer, comprising:
a first input port for receiving a first input signal from a local oscillator;
a second port for connecting to a radio frequency source or sink;
a third port for connecting to an intermediate frequency source or sink; and
switching circuitry coupled to the first input port through a coupling element such that the local oscillator is isolated from the second and third port, the switching circuitry including a pair of field effect transistors each having gate, drain and source terminals, and each gate terminal being connected to the coupling element, and
wherein each gate terminal is connected to the coupling element through pulse shaping circuitry.
11. The mixer of claim 10 , wherein the coupling element comprises a transformer.
12. The mixer of claim 11 , wherein the transformer comprises a transformer balun.
13. The mixer of claim 10 , wherein the pulse shaping circuitry comprises a pair of parallel R-C networks, each R-C network being connected to each transistor gate.
14. The mixer of claim 10 , wherein the coupling element comprises a 0/180 degree phase splitter.
15. The mixer of claim 10 , wherein the pulse shaping circuitry comprises a pair of parallel L-C circuit networks, each L-C network being connected to each transistor gate.
16. The mixer of claim 15 , wherein the pair of parallel L-C circuit network operate to tune the gate conductance of the switching network.
17. An information communication apparatus, comprising:
means for transmitting or receiving information communicated over a network,
said means for transmitting or receiving including a mixer comprising,
a first transformer having a first output and a second output, the first output and second output differing in phase by approximately 180 degrees;
a pulse shaping network coupled to the first and second outputs;
a mixing cell coupled to the pulse shaping network, the mixing cell comprising at least two FETS whose gate terminals are each coupled to the pulse shaping network, wherein the gate terminals of the FETs are driven sinusoidally by a signal provided through the first transformer; and
a second transformer coupled to the mixing cell, the second transformer having a first, a second, a third and a fourth port, the first port providing an RF output signal that differs in phase by approximately 180 degrees from the second port and the third port providing an IF output that substantially matches the phase of the second and fourth ports.
18. The apparatus of claim 17 , wherein the apparatus is an electronic device selected from the group consisting of a radio frequency transmitter and a radio frequency receiver.
19. The apparatus of claim 17 , wherein the apparatus is an electronic device selected from the group consisting of a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant, a modem, a laptop, a desktop computer, a satellite telephone and a landline telephone.
20. A mixer, comprising:
a first input port for receiving a first input signal from a local oscillator;
a mixing cell for combining the first input signal with a second input signal to produce an output signal; and
first circuitry coupled between the mixing cell and the first input port for shaping the first input signal,
wherein the mixing cell comprises first and second transistors, each having gate, drain and source terminals and the first circuitry is coupled between the gates of the first and second transistors and
wherein the first circuitry comprises a dual-tuned network that resonates an capaciatance associated with the gates of the first and second transistors, and wherein the dual-tuned network comprises a pair of parallel L-C tuned networks, each parallel L-C network being connected to a gate of one of the transistors.