Enzymatic hydrolysis of biomasses having a high dry matter (DM) content
Disclosed are processes for liquefaction and saccharification of polysacharide containing biomasses having high dry matter content (>20%) and preferably possessing large average particle size. The polysaccharide containing biomasses are subject to enzymatic hydrolysis in a mixer that utilizes “free fall” mixing. “Free fall” mixing provides mechanical degradation of the biomass during hydrolysis and, in the case of lignocellulosic biomass, promotes movement of cellulase enzymes along cellulose chains, which improves enzymatic hydrolysis at high dry matter.
1. A process for treating polysaccharide containing biomasses characterized by subjecting a polysaccharide containing biomass having a final dry matter content of above 20% and comprising lignocellulosic biomass to:
a) enzymatic hydrolysis using at least one cellulase enzyme, and
b) mixing by a free fall type mixing that provides mechanical degradation of the biomass during hydrolysis,
wherein the mixed biomass is liquefied to a liquid without any or with only a few remaining large fibres and particles in the process.
2. A process for treating polysaccharide containing biomasses characterized by subjecting a polysaccharide containing biomass having a final dry matter content of above 20% and comprising lignocellulosic biomass to:
a) enzymatic hydrolysis using at least one cellulase enzyme, and
b) mixing by a free fall type mixing that provides mechanical degradation of the biomass during hydrolysis,
wherein the biomass comprises a lignocellulosic biomass having a distribution of particle sizes in which at least 20% (w/w) are between 26-70 mm in size before pre-treatment, and
wherein the mixed biomass is liquefied to a liquid without any or with only a few remaining large fibres and particles in the process.
3. A process for treating polysaccharide containing biomasses characterized by subjecting a polysaccharide containing biomass having a final dry matter content of above 20% and comprising lignocellulosic biomass to:
a) enzymatic hydrolysis using at least one cellulase enzyme, and
b) mixing by a free fall type mixing that provides mechanical degradation of the biomass during hydrolysis,
wherein the mixed biomass is liquefied to a liquid without any or with only a few remaining large fibres and particles in the process within 3 to 24 hours.
4. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the polysaccharide containing biomass comprising lignocellulosic biomass is further characterized by comprising primarily a mixture of starch containing grains or refined starch and lignocellulosic biomasses derived from agricultural crops.
5. A process according to claim 2 , wherein the polysaccharide containing biomass comprising lignocellulosic biomass is further characterized by comprising primarily a mixture of starch containing grains or refined starch and lignocellulosic biomasses derived from agricultural crops.
6. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the polysaccharide containing biomass comprises primarily lignocellulosic biomass derived from corn stover, bagasse, rice straw, wheat straw, rye straw, oat straw, barley straw, rye straw, rape straw, sorghum straw, softwood, hardwood, municipal solid waste, or waste paper.
7. A process according to claim 2 , wherein the polysaccharide containing biomass comprises primarily lignocellulosic biomass derived from corn stover, bagasse, rice straw, wheat straw, rye straw, oat straw, barley straw, rye straw, rape straw, sorghum straw, softwood, hardwood, municipal solid waste, or waste paper.
8. A process according to claim 3 , wherein the polysaccharide containing biomass comprises primarily lignocellulosic biomass derived from corn stover, bagasse, rice straw, wheat straw, rye straw, oat straw, barley straw, rye straw, rape straw, sorghum straw, softwood, hardwood, municipal solid waste, or waste paper.
9. A process according to claim 1 wherein the polysaccharide containing biomass comprises primarily lignocellulosic biomass that has been subjected to heat pre-treatment between 110-250° C.
10. A process according to claim 2 wherein free fall mixing is provided by a drum mixer, a mixer with a rotary axis lifting the biomass, a mixer with a horizontal placed stirrer shaft lifting the biomass, or similar mixer.
11. A process according to claim 3 wherein free fall mixing is provided by a drum mixer, a mixer with a rotary axis lifting the biomass, a mixer with a horizontal placed stirrer shaft lifting the biomass, or similar mixer.
12. A process according to claim 1 carried out as a continuous, fed-batch, or other semi-continuous process.
13. A process according to claim 2 carried out as a continuous, fed-batch, or other semi-continuous process.
14. A process according to claim 3 carried out as a continuous, fed-batch, or other semi-continuous process.
15. A process according to claim 1 wherein additional mechanical degradation of the biomass is provided by steel balls or similar material that collides with the biomass during mixing.
16. A process according to claim 2 wherein additional mechanical degradation of the biomass is provided by steel balls or similar material that collides with the biomass during mixing.
17. A process according to claim 3 wherein additional mechanical degradation of the biomass is provided by steel balls or similar material that collides with the biomass during mixing.
18. A process according to claim 1 wherein the mixed biomass is liquefied to a liquid without any or with only a few remaining large fibres and particles in the process within 3 to 24 hours.
19. A process according to claim 2 wherein the mixed biomass is liquefied to a liquid without any or with only a few remaining large fibres and particles in the process within 3 to 24 hours.
20. A process according to claim 3 , wherein the polysaccharide containing biomass comprising lignocellulosic biomass is further characterized by comprising primarily a mixture of starch containing grains or refined starch and lignocellulosic biomasses derived from agricultural crops.