Methods and devices for measuring volume resistivity
A device for measuring the volume resistivity of materials and method of measuring are disclosed. The device for measuring has a receptacle of a known volume in which fluid materials, for example powdered or granular materials which may assume the shape of the receptacle, may be placed. The receptacle may have an insulating body and electrodes in the form of conductive end caps on either longitudinal end of the body. The resistance across the device, between the electrodes, may be measured. The volume resistivity of the fluid materials may be determined using the known volume of the receptacle and the resistance.
1. A device for measuring volume resistivity, comprising:
a structure defining an internal chamber configured for receiving a material to be measured, and having a first electrode coupled at a first end thereof and a second electrode coupled at an opposing end thereof, wherein each of the first electrode and the second electrode includes a central portion extending into the internal chamber and a shoulder extending therefrom and abutting an external surface of an end of the internal chamber adjacent thereto to fix a volume of the internal chamber; and
a resistance measuring device electrically connected to the first electrode and the second electrode, for measuring the resistance of the material, wherein volume resistivity is determined using the resistance measurement and the fixed volume.
2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the internal chamber is substantially cylindrical and is configured for receiving a fluid material.
3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the internal chamber is configured for receiving a powdered material.
4. The device of claim 1 , wherein the internal chamber has an area and a height, and the area divided by the height is between about 1.95 cm. and about 2.05 cm.
5. The device of claim 1 , wherein the structure comprises:
a body having a first end, a second end, and an opening partially defining the internal chamber;
a first end cap attachable to the first end of the body, and comprising the first electrode; and
a second end cap attachable to the second end of the body, and comprising the second electrode.
6. The device of claim 5 , wherein the first end cap and the second end cap each have a blind hole therein.
7. The device of claim 6 , wherein the resistance measuring device includes a first contact member configured for insertion into the blind hole of the first end cap and a second contact member configured for insertion into the blind hole of the second end cap.
8. The device of claim 5 , wherein the body comprises an insulating material.
9. The device of claim 8 , wherein the body comprises one of polytetrafluoroethylene, polymer, and nylon.
10. A device for measuring volume resistivity, comprising:
a receptacle configured for receiving a material to be measured and having a fixed volume defined by an inside wall of a substantially cylindrical body comprising an insulating material, a central portion of a first end cap comprising a conductive material secured to a first end of the cylindrical body, and a central portion of a second end cap comprising a conductive material secured to a second end of the cylindrical body, wherein each of the first end cap and the second end cap includes a shoulder abutting an external surface of an associated end of the cylindrical body; and
a resistance measuring device electrically connected to the conductive material of the first end cap and the conductive material of the second end cap, for measuring the resistance of the material, wherein volume resistivity is determined using the resistance measurement and the fixed volume.
11. The device of claim 10 , wherein the inside wall has a diametrical dimension, and the central portion of the first end cap has a diametrical dimension, and the central portion of the second end cap has a diametrical dimension, and the diametrical dimension of the inside wall, the central portion of the first end cap, and the central portion of the second end cap are substantially similar.
12. The device of claim 10 , wherein the first end cap and the second end cap are configured to be force fit to the substantially cylindrical body with the central portion of the first end cap and the central portion of the second end cap receivable within an opening through the substantially cylindrical body.
13. The device of claim 10 , wherein the insulating material of the substantially cylindrical body comprises one of polytetrafluoroethylene, polymer, and nylon.
14. A method for measuring volume resistivity, comprising:
providing a body having a first end and a second end, and an opening having a known volume extending therethrough;
attaching a first end cap to the first end of the body and abutting a shoulder of the first end cap against an external surface of the first end of the body;
substantially filling the opening with a material to be measured;
attaching a second end cap to the second end of the body and abutting a shoulder of the second end cap against an external surface of the second end of the body to fix a volume of the opening between the first end cap and the second end cap;
electrically coupling a measuring device to the first end cap and the second end cap; measuring the resistance between the first end cap and the second end cap using the measuring device; and
determining the volume resistivity using the resistance measurement and the known volume.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein providing a body comprises providing a substantially annular body comprising an insulating material.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein attaching the first end cap comprises attaching the first end cap comprising a conductive material, and attaching the second end cap comprises attaching the second end cap comprising a conductive material.
17. The method of claim 14 , wherein determining the volume resistivity is executed according to the following mathematical relationship:
ρ
=
π
r
2
h
R
,
wherein p=resistivity; r=opening radius; h=opening height; and R=measured resistance.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein determining the volume resistivity is executed according to the following mathematical relationship:
p=2R.
19. The method of claim 14 , wherein attaching the second end cap comprises contacting the material to be measured with a portion of the second end cap.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein attaching the second end cap comprises contacting the material to be measured with the portion of the second end cap having an area substantially equal to a cross-sectional area of the opening.
21. The method of claim 14 , wherein substantially filling the opening with a material to be measured comprises substantially filling the opening with an energetic material.