Reduced friction wind turbine apparatus and method
A fluid flow energy capture device for power generation has a rotor with a substantially vertical axis and a plurality of vanes. A mount for the rotor allows the rotor to rotate in response to fluid flow such as wind contacting the plurality of vanes, and the mount puts the rotor in rotationally driving communication with a generator. The rotor has an open center which allows fluid communication from spaces between the vanes to above the rotor. A plurality of guide surfaces define channels that bias fluid flow to be tangential to the rotor.
1. A fluid flow energy capture device for power generation comprising:
a rotor, said rotor being mounted to rotate around a substantially vertical axis and said rotor having a plurality of substantially vertical vanes and each of said vanes engaged with a vane actuator to adjust a pitch of said vanes;
said rotor being disposed to be in driving communication with an electrical generator;
a plurality of guide surfaces, said guide surfaces being disposed outside said vanes in relation to said rotor and each of said guide surfaces being engaged with a guide surface actuator to vary their positions;
a plurality of deflection panels, said deflection panels being disposed outside said guide surfaces in relation to said rotor and each of said deflection panels being engaged with a deflection panel actuator to vary their positions;
said guide surfaces and said deflection panels being further disposed to define inwardly constricting channels through which a fluid flow is directed to said vanes;
at least one of said vanes, said guide surfaces or said deflection panels being mounted to vary in angle such that a driving force of the fluid flow onto said rotor may be selectively varied by one of said vanes actuators, said guide surfaces actuators and said deflection panels actuators.
2. The device of claim 1 further comprising at least one other of said vanes, said guide surfaces or said deflection panels being mounted to vary in angle.
3. The device of claim 1 further comprising all of said vanes, said guide surfaces of said deflection panels being mounted to vary in angle.
4. The device of claim 1 further comprising:
a roof, said roof being above said guide surfaces;
said roof having an exit opening over said rotor, said exit opening being positioned to allow an exit of fluid flow from a space inside said vanes of said rotor.
5. The device of claim 4 wherein said roof includes pressure release openings in said roof over said constricting channels.
6. The device of claim 5 wherein said pressure release openings have a lid, said lid being adjustably mounted to selectively vary a size of said pressure release opening.
7. The device of claim 1 further comprising:
a plurality of top vanes positioned over said rotor.
8. The device of claim 7 wherein said top vanes are mounted to vary in angle such that exiting fluid flow between said top vanes may be selectively varied.
9. The device of claim 4 wherein an inner edge of said roof closely circumscribes a top of said rotor.
10. The device of claim 4 wherein said roof rises from a height substantially equal to a height of said rotor at said roof's inner edge, to a greater height in a position that is radially outward from said rotor.
11. The device of claim 1 wherein said fluid is air.
12. The device of claim 1 wherein an inner aspect of said guide surfaces is angled relative to an outer aspect of said guide surfaces.
13. The device of claim 12 wherein said angle of said outer aspect of said guide surfaces is more tangential to said rotor than an angle of said outer aspect of said guide surfaces.
14. The device of claim 1 wherein said guide surfaces are mounted on a ground surface that is radially inclined away from said rotor such that said ground surface, and each two adjacent ones of said plurality of guide surfaces define a channel for the fluid flow that is vertically constricting towards said rotor.
15. The device of claim 1 further comprising a water bearing supporting at least a portion of the weight of said rotor.
16. The device of claim 1 wherein said rotor is mounted on a buoyant hull and said buoyant hull is disposed in a fluid reservoir.
17. The device of claim 16 wherein said buoyant hull includes a space, said space being beneath said buoyant hull and above a surface of said fluid reservoir and said space being sealed sufficiently to maintain gas with said space at an atmospheric pressure greater than one atmosphere.
18. The device of claim 1 wherein said rotor includes a fixed axle holding a cylindrical sheath and wherein said rotor further comprises top and bottom annular supports, attached to said sheath by struts by struts and wherein said top and bottom annular supports hold said plurality of vanes.
19. The device of claim 1 wherein said vanes each have a cross section selected from the group consisting of straight, curved, rectangular and lenticular.
20. The device of claim 1 wherein said guide surfaces each have a cross section selected from the group consisting of straight, curved, rectangular and lenticular.
21. The device of claim 1 wherein said deflection panels each have a cross section selected from the group consisting of straight, curved, rectangular and lenticular.
22. The device of claim 1 further comprising a sprayer, said sprayer being disposed to disperse fluid particles in said channels.