Damping and support in high-temperature superconducting levitation systems
Methods and apparatuses to provide improved auxiliary damping for superconducting bearings in superconducting levitation systems are disclosed. In a superconducting bearing, a cryostat housing the superconductors is connected to a ground state with a combination of a damping strip of material, a set of linkage arms to provide vertical support, and spring washers to provide stiffness. Alternately, the superconducting bearing may be supported by a cryostat connected to a ground state by posts constructed from a mesh of fibers, with the damping and stiffness controlled by the fiber composition, size, and mesh geometry.
1. An apparatus for damping a superconducting levitation system, comprising:
a superconducting element generating a magnetic field having a first resonance frequency between the superconducting element and a ground state;
a magnet supported by the magnetic field generated by the superconducting element relative to a ground state having a second resonance frequency between the magnet and the superconducting element;
one or more supports for vertically supporting the superconducting element relative to the ground state; and
a damping strip spanning a gap between the superconducting element and the ground state for providing damped motion such that the first resonance frequency is lower than the second resonance frequency.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the damped motion is provided substantially perpendicular to support of the magnet by the magnetic field.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the superconducting element comprises a superconducting stator, the magnet comprises a permanent magnet rotor, and the damped motion of the superconducting stator is substantially radial to the permanent magnet rotor.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising one or more springs to laterally stabilize the superconducting element along the damped motion of the damping strip.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the damping strip comprises silicon rubber.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a cryostat thermally coupled to the superconducting element to maintain superconductivity of the superconducting element.
7. An apparatus for damping a superconducting levitation system, comprising:
a superconducting element generating a magnetic field having a first resonance frequency between the superconducting element and a ground state;
a magnet supported by the magnetic field generated by the superconducting element relative to a ground state having a second resonance frequency between the magnet and the superconducting element; and
one or more mesh fiber supports, each comprising a mesh fiber column fixed at a first end to the superconducting element and fixed at a second end to the ground state for vertically supporting the superconducting element relative to the ground state and for providing damped motion such that the first resonance frequency is lower than the second resonance frequency.
8. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the damped motion is provided substantially perpendicular to the magnetic field supporting the magnet.
9. The apparatus of claim 7 , further comprising a cryostat thermally coupled to the superconducting element to maintain superconductivity of the superconducting element.
10. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the superconducting element comprises a superconducting stator, the magnet comprises a permanent magnet rotor, and the damped motion of the superconducting stator is substantially radial to the permanent magnet rotor.
11. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein at least one of the one or more mesh fiber columns comprises a spirally wound mesh fiber material strip.
12. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein at least one of the one or more mesh fiber columns comprises a plurality of substantially concentric mesh fiber cylindrical columns.
13. A method for damping a superconducting levitation system, comprising the steps of:
generating a magnetic field with a superconducting element having a first resonance frequency between the superconducting element and a ground state;
supporting a magnet with the magnetic field generated by the superconducting element relative to a ground state having a second resonance frequency between the magnet and the superconducting element;
supporting the superconducting element vertically relative to the ground state with one or more supports; and
damping motion between the superconducting element and the ground state with a damping strip spanning a gap such that the first resonance frequency is lower than the second resonance frequency.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the damped motion is provided substantially perpendicular to the magnetic field supporting the magnet.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the superconducting element comprises a superconducting stator, the magnet comprises a permanent magnet rotor, and the damped motion of the superconducting stator is substantially radial to the permanent magnet rotor.
16. The method of claim 13 , further comprising one or more springs to laterally stabilize the superconducting element along the damped motion of the damping strip.
17. The method of claim 13 , wherein the damping strip comprises silicon rubber.
18. The method of claim 13 , further comprising a cryostat thermally coupled to the superconducting element to maintain superconductivity of the superconducting element.
19. A method for damping a superconducting levitation system, comprising the steps of:
generating a magnetic field with a superconducting element having a first resonance frequency between the superconducting element and a ground state;
supporting a magnet with the magnetic field generated by the superconducting element relative to a ground state having a second resonance frequency between the magnet and the superconducting element;
supporting the superconducting element vertically relative to the ground state with one or more mesh fiber supports, each comprising a mesh fiber column fixed at a first end to the superconducting element and fixed at a second end to the ground state; and
damping motion between the superconducting element and the ground state with the one or more mesh fiber supports such that the first resonance frequency is lower than the second resonance frequency.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the damped motion is provided substantially perpendicular to the magnetic field supporting the magnet.
21. The method of claim 19 , further comprising a cryostat thermally coupled to the superconducting element to maintain superconductivity of the superconducting element.
22. The method of claim 19 , wherein the superconducting element comprises a superconducting stator, the magnet comprises a permanent magnet rotor, and the damped motion of the superconducting stator is substantially radial to the permanent magnet rotor.
23. The method of claim 19 , wherein at least one of the one or more mesh fiber columns comprises a spirally wound mesh fiber material strip.
24. The method of claim 19 , wherein at least one of the one or more mesh fiber columns comprises a plurality of substantially concentric mesh fiber cylindrical columns.