Power transmission system
In a power transmission system for transmitting power of an engine to a load, a planetary gear mechanism provided in parallel to a speed variator combines torque conveyed from the engine with torque conveyed from a motor generator in a state such that their torque ratio equals a predetermined ratio, and transmits the combined torque to a driven wheel. When performing power transmission between the engine and the driven wheel via both the speed variator and the planetary gear mechanism, power distribution between the power conveyed to the speed variator and the power conveyed to the planetary gear mechanism can be actively controlled by adjusting the torque of the motor generator. As a result, the speed variator capacity can be reduced while enhancing power transmission efficiency.
1. A power transmission system, comprising:
a first power transmitting section capable of transmitting power from an engine to a load via a speed variator while changing speed;
a second power transmitting section capable of transmitting power from the engine to the load via a gearing mechanism provided in parallel to the speed variator;
a prime mover that generates torque which can be controlled; and
a control unit that controls torque of the prime mover;
wherein the gearing mechanism is a mechanism capable of performing a torque combining operation in which torque from the engine and torque from the prime mover are combined in a state such that their torque ratio equals a first predetermined ratio, and the combined torque is transmitted to the load; and
when power transmission between the engine and the load is performed via both the speed variator and the gearing mechanism, the control unit performs power distribution control for controlling distribution of power conveyed to the speed variator and power conveyed to the gearing mechanism by adjusting torque of the prime mover.
2. A power transmission system as defined in claim 1 , wherein
the first power transmitting section includes a first coupling switch mechanism capable of effecting and releasing coupling of the engine and the load via the speed variator;
the second power transmitting section includes a second coupling switch mechanism capable of effecting and releasing coupling of the engine and the load via the gearing mechanism; and
the control unit performs the power distribution control while in a state in which the engine and the load are coupled via the speed variator by means of the first coupling switch mechanism and the engine and the load are coupled via the gearing mechanism by means of the second coupling switch mechanism.
3. A power transmission system as defined in claim 2 , wherein
the gearing mechanism comprises: an input side rotating element that can transmit torque from the engine;
a distribution-purpose rotating element that can transmit torque from the prime mover; and
an output side rotating element that can combine torque conveyed to the input side rotating element and torque conveyed to the distribution-purpose rotating element in a state such that their torque ratio equals the first predetermined ratio, and transmit the combined torque to the load; and
the gearing mechanism is a mechanism having two rotational degrees of freedom.
4. A power transmission system as defined in claim 3 , wherein
the second power transmitting section includes a first rotation constraining mechanism capable of constraining and allowing rotation of the input side rotating element; and
the control unit performs prime mover power control in which power transmitted between the prime mover and the load is controlled, while in a state in which rotation of the input side rotating element is constrained by means of the first rotation constraining mechanism.
5. A power transmission system as defined in claim 3 , wherein
the second power transmitting section includes a first rotation constraining mechanism capable of constraining and allowing rotation of the input side rotating element;
the second coupling switch mechanism is a mechanism capable of effecting and releasing coupling of the engine and the input side rotating element; and
when power transmission between the engine and the load is performed in a state in which the engine and the load are coupled via the speed variator by means of the first coupling switch mechanism and coupling between the engine and the input side rotating element is released by the second coupling switch mechanism, the control unit performs power assist control in which power transmitted between the prime mover and the load is controlled, while in a state in which rotation of the input side rotating element is constrained by means of the first rotation constraining mechanism.
6. A power transmission system as defined in claim 3 , wherein
while in a state in which the engine and the load are coupled via the gearing mechanism by means of the second coupling switch mechanism and in which rotation of the distribution-purpose rotating element is in a direction opposite to rotation of the input side rotating element, the control unit performs power conversion control for converting power conveyed from the engine to the input side rotating element into power of the prime mover while also applying torque to the load, by controlling torque of the prime mover such that torque is applied to the distribution-purpose rotating element in a direction for stopping the rotation of the distribution-purpose rotating element.
7. A power transmission system as defined in claim 3 , wherein
the gearing mechanism comprises a planetary gear mechanism including, as rotating elements, a sun gear, a carrier, and a ring gear; and
the input side rotating element, the distribution-purpose rotating element, and the output side rotating element are configured with the rotating elements of the planetary gear mechanism.
8. A power transmission system as defined in claim 3 , further comprising:
a third coupling switch mechanism capable of effecting and releasing coupling of the engine and the output side rotating element; and
the control unit performs constant gear ratio transmission control for transmitting power between the engine and the load at a predetermined gear ratio, by coupling the engine and the output side rotating element by means of the third coupling switch mechanism.
9. A power transmission system as defined in claim 1 , further comprising:
a third power transmitting section capable of transmitting power from the engine to the load via a transmission device provided in parallel to the speed variator at a predetermined gear ratio;
wherein the third power transmitting section includes a third coupling switch mechanism capable of effecting and releasing coupling of the engine and the load via the transmission device; and
the control unit performs constant gear ratio transmission control for transmitting power between the engine and the load via the transmission device at a predetermined gear ratio, by coupling the engine and the load via the transmission device by means of the third coupling switch mechanism.
10. A power transmission system as defined in claim 9 ,
wherein torque transmission capacity of the speed variator can be controlled by the control unit; and
when performing the constant gear ratio transmission control, the control unit controls distribution of power conveyed to the speed variator and power conveyed to the transmission device by controlling the torque transmission capacity of the speed variator.
11. A power transmission system as defined in claim 10 , wherein
the speed variator is a continuously variable transmission capable of performing power transmission between an input rotating member and an output rotating member via a speed-varying transmission member in a state in which the speed-varying transmission member is pressed against the input and output rotating members; and
when performing the constant gear ratio transmission control, the control unit controls distribution of power conveyed to the speed variator and power conveyed to the transmission device by adjusting the pressing force of the speed-varying transmission member against the input and output rotating members, which controls the torque transmission capacity of the speed variator.
12. A power transmission system as defined in claim 1 , wherein
the gearing mechanism is a mechanism capable of selectively performing the torque combining operation and a torque distributing operation in which torque from the engine is divided and transmitted to the load and the prime mover in a state such that their torque ratio equals a second predetermined ratio; and
when power transmission between the engine and the load is performed via both the speed variator and the gearing mechanism, and when it is possible for the gearing mechanism to perform the torque combining operation or the torque distributing operation, the control unit performs the power distribution control.
13. A power transmission system as defined in claim 12 , wherein the gearing mechanism comprises:
an input side rotating element that can transmit torque from the engine;
first and second distribution-purpose rotating elements that can transmit torque from the prime mover; and
an output side rotating element that can transmit torque to the load;
the gearing mechanism is a mechanism having two rotational degrees of freedom;
the second power transmitting section includes a coupling mechanism for switching a state of coupling of the prime mover with respect to the first and the second distribution-purpose rotating elements;
when the prime mover is coupled to the first distribution-purpose rotating element by means of the coupling mechanism, the output side rotating element can combine torque conveyed to the input side rotating element and torque conveyed to the first distribution-purpose rotating element in a state such that their torque ratio equals the first predetermined ratio, and transmit the combined torque to the load; and
when the prime mover is coupled to the second distribution-purpose rotating element by means of the coupling mechanism, the input side rotating element can distribute torque conveyed from the engine to the output side rotating element and the second distribution -purpose rotating element in a state such that their torque ratio equals the second predetermined ratio.
14. A power transmission system as defined in claim 13 , wherein
the control unit performs constant gear ratio transmission control for transmitting power between the engine and the load via the gearing mechanism at a predetermined gear ratio, by coupling the prime mover to both the first and the second distribution-purpose rotating elements by means of the coupling mechanism.
15. A power transmission system as defined in claim 13 , wherein
the gearing mechanism comprises a planetary gear mechanism which includes a plurality of planetary gearsets each including, as rotating elements, a sun gear, a carrier, and a ring gear, any of the rotating elements within one planetary gearset being coupled or shared with any of the rotating elements within another planetary gearset such that the planetary gear mechanism is configured to have two rotational degrees of freedom; and
the input side rotating element, the first and the second distribution-purpose rotating elements, and the output side rotating element are configured with the rotating elements of the planetary gear mechanism.
16. A power transmission system as defined in claim 12 , further comprising:
an energy accumulation device that accumulates energy used by the prime mover to generate power;
wherein when performing the power distribution control, the control unit selects which of the torque combining operation or the torque distributing operation to execute based on a state of energy accumulation in the energy accumulation device.
17. A power transmission system as defined in claim 3 , further comprising:
a fourth coupling switch mechanism capable of effecting and releasing coupling of the distribution-purpose rotating element and the load via the speed variator;
wherein the second power transmitting section includes a second rotation constraining mechanism capable of constraining and allowing rotation of the output side rotating element;
the second coupling switch mechanism is a mechanism capable of effecting and releasing coupling of the output side rotating element and the load;
the gearing mechanism is a mechanism which is, when rotation of the output side rotating element is constrained by the second rotation constraining mechanism, capable of transmitting torque that is conveyed from the engine to the input side rotating element to the distribution-purpose rotating element while inverting the torque direction; and
the control unit can transmit torque from the engine to the load while inverting the torque direction, by releasing the coupling between the output side rotating element and the load by means of the second coupling switch mechanism, constraining rotation of the output side rotating element by means of the second rotation constraining mechanism, and coupling between the distribution-purpose rotating element and the load via the speed variator by means of the fourth coupling switch mechanism.
18. A power transmission system as defined in claim 17 , wherein
the second power transmitting section includes a direct coupling mechanism capable of switching the gearing mechanism into a direct coupling state in which the input side rotating element, the distribution-purpose rotating element, and the output side rotating element can be rotated as one piece; and
the control unit can transmit torque from the engine to the load by releasing the coupling between the output side rotating element and the load by means of the second coupling switch mechanism, switching the gearing mechanism into the direct coupling state by means of the direct coupling mechanism, and coupling between the distribution-purpose rotating element and the load via the speed variator by means of the fourth coupling switch mechanism.
19. A power transmission system as defined in claim 18 , wherein
when the load in a stopped state is to be driven in reverse direction, the control unit selectively executes either of:
a first reverse drive control by which the distribution-purpose rotating element and the load are coupled via the speed variator by means of the fourth coupling switch mechanism, and torque of the prime mover is controlled to apply torque to the load in the reverse direction; and
a second reverse drive control by which the coupling between the output side rotating element and the load by means of the second coupling switch mechanism is released, rotation of the output side rotating element is constrained-by means of the second rotation constraining mechanism, the distribution-purpose rotating element and the load are coupled via the speed variator by means of the fourth coupling switch mechanism such that torque from the engine is transmitted to the load after the torque direction is inverted by the gearing mechanism, and torque of the prime mover is controlled to apply torque to the load in the reverse direction.
20. A power transmission system as defined in claim 19 , wherein
when the load in a stopped state is to be driven in forward direction, the control unit selectively executes either of:
a first forward drive control by which the distribution-purpose rotating element and the load are coupled via the speed variator by means of the fourth coupling switch mechanism, and torque of the prime mover is controlled to apply torque to the load in the forward direction; and
a second forward drive control by which the coupling between the output side rotating element and the load by means of the second coupling switch mechanism is released, the gearing mechanism is switched into the direct coupling state by means of the direct coupling mechanism, the distribution-purpose rotating element and the load are coupled via the speed variator by means of the fourth coupling switch mechanism such that torque from the engine is transmitted to the load, and torque of the prime mover is controlled to apply torque to the load in the forward direction.
21. A power transmission system as defined in claim 20 , wherein,
when the load in a stopped state is to be driven in reverse direction, the control unit determines requested input torque into the speed variator or requested torque at the load;
the control unit selects to execute the first reverse drive control when the absolute value of the determined requested torque is less than or equal to a set value; and
the control unit selects to execute the second reverse drive control when the absolute value of the determined requested torque is greater than the set value.
22. A power transmission system as defined in claim 21 , wherein,
when the load in a stopped state is to be driven in forward direction, the control unit determines requested input torque into the speed variator or requested torque at the load; the
control unit selects to execute the first forward drive control when the absolute value of the determined requested torque is less than or equal to the set value; and
the control unit selects to execute the second forward drive control when the absolute value of the determined requested torque is greater than the set value.
23. A power transmission system as defined in claim 18 , wherein
the control unit executes engine start control for starting the engine by switching the gearing mechanism into the direct coupling state by means of the direct coupling mechanism to thereby transmit power of the prime mover to the engine.
24. A power transmission system as defined in claim 1 , further comprising:
a switching mechanism for selectively coupling the prime mover to either an input side or an output side of the speed variator; and
the control unit can selectively execute either of input side power control by which power transmitted between the prime mover and the load is controlled while in a state in which the prime mover is coupled to the input side of the speed variator by means of the switching mechanism, or output side power control by which power transmitted between the prime mover and the load is controlled while in a state in which the prime mover is coupled to the output side of the speed variator by means of the switching mechanism.
25. A power transmission system as defined in claim 24 , wherein
the control unit selects to execute the input side power control when power transmission is to be performed from the prime mover to the load; and
the control unit selects to execute the output side power control when power transmission is to be performed from the load to the prime mover.
26. A power transmission system as defined in claim 24 , wherein
the control unit selects which of the input side power control or the output side power control to execute based on requested torque at the load.
27. A power transmission system as defined in claim 24 , wherein
the control unit estimates efficiency of the prime mover attained by the input side power control and efficiency of the prime mover attained by the output side power, and selects which of the input side power control or the output side power control to execute based on the estimated efficiency values of the prime mover.
28. A power transmission system as defined in claim 1 , wherein
when performing the power distribution control, the control unit controls distribution of power conveyed to the speed variator and power conveyed to the gearing mechanism by adjusting torque of the prime mover based on torque of the engine.
29. A power transmission system as defined in claim 28 , wherein
when performing the power distribution control, the control unit increases torque of the prime mover in response to a reduction in torque of the engine, to thereby increase power distribution to the gearing mechanism.
30. A power transmission system as defined in claim 1 , wherein
when performing the power distribution control, the control unit controls distribution of power conveyed to the speed variator and power conveyed to the gearing mechanism by adjusting torque of the prime mover such that torque conveyed to the speed variator does not exceed a predetermined value.
31. A power transmission system as defined in claim 1 , wherein
the speed variator is a continuously variable transmission in which its gear ratio is changed by varying a contacting radius ratio of a speed-varying transmission member with respect to input and output rotating members;
when performing the power distribution control, the control unit controls distribution of power conveyed to the speed variator and power conveyed to the gearing mechanism by adjusting torque of the prime mover based on the contacting radius ratio of the speed-varying transmission member with respect to the input and output rotating members.
32. A power transmission system as defined in claim 31 , wherein
when performing the power distribution control, the control unit increases torque of the prime mover as a value of the contacting radius ratio of the speed-varying transmission member with respect to the input and output rotating members deviates from one, to thereby increase power distribution to the gearing mechanism.
33. A power transmission system as defined in claim 31 , wherein
when performing the power distribution control, the control unit controls distribution of power conveyed to the speed variator and power conveyed to the gearing mechanism by adjusting torque of the prime mover based on the gear ratio of the speed variator, which is a factor reflecting the contacting radius ratio of the speed-varying transmission member with respect to the input and output rotating members.
34. A power transmission system as defined in claim 2 , wherein
when driving the load in a stopped state, the control unit controls torque of the prime mover while in a state in which coupling of the engine and the load via the speed variator by means of the first coupling switch mechanism is released and the engine and the load are coupled via the gearing mechanism by means of the second coupling switch mechanism.
35. A power transmission system as defined in claim 1 , wherein
the prime mover is an electric motor or a hydraulic motor.
36. A power transmission system as defined in claim 1 , wherein
the prime mover operates also as a driven machinery; and
wherein the gearing mechanism is a mechanism capable of performing a torque combining operation in which torque from the engine is divided and transmitted to the load and the driven machinery in a state such that their torque ratio equals a second predetermined ratio; and
when the power transmission between the engine and the load is preformed via both the speed variator and the gearing mechanism, the control unit performs power distribution control; for controlling distribution of power conveyed to the speed variator and power conveyed to the gearing mechanism by adjusting the torque of the driven machinery.
37. A power transmission system as defined in claim 36 , wherein the driven machinery is an electric generator or pump.
38. A power transmission system, comprising:
a first power transmitting section capable of transmitting power from an engine to a load via a speed variator while changing speed, the speed variator having a torque transmission capacity which can be controlled;
a second power transmitting section capable of transmitting power from the engine to the load via a gearing mechanism provided in parallel to the speed variator, wherein the gearing mechanism has a predetermined gear ratio; and
a control unit that controls the torque transmission capacity of the speed variator;
wherein when power transmission between the engine and the load is performed via both the speed variator and the gearing mechanism, the control unit performs power distribution control for controlling distribution of power conveyed to the speed variator and power conveyed to the gearing mechanism by adjusting torque transmission capacity of the speed variator while the speed variator is at a constant gear ratio.
39. A power transmission system as defined in claim 36 , wherein
the speed variator is a continuously variable transmission capable of performing power transmission between an input rotating member and an output rotating member via a speed-varying transmission member in a state in which the speed-varying transmission member is pressed against the input and output rotating members; and
the control unit performs the power distribution control by adjusting the pressing force of the speed-varying transmission member against the input and output rotating members, which controls the torque transmission capacity of the speed variator.