Orientation independent electroosmotic pump

1. A method, comprising:

applying a difference in electrical potential to an anode and a cathode, the anode and cathode are each in an ion-exchange membrane sealed by a barrier that inhibits passage of an electrolyte and at least partially immersed in the electrolyte contained in a fluid reservoir of an electroosmotic pump;

collecting gases generated at least in part by electrolytic decomposition of the electrolyte within a space defined by the ion-exchange membranes that seal the anode and cathode;

channeling the generated gases through conduits from the space defined by the sealed ion-exchange membranes through the barrier to a gas recombiner located outside of the fluid reservoir independent of the orientation of reservoir and under pressure of the generated gases;

recombining the collected gases to produce a liquid by the gas recombiner, the gas recombiner including a catalyst and an osmotic membrane; and

introducing the produced liquid into the fluid reservoir through an osmotic membrane.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the barrier is permeable to gas and impermeable to the electrolyte.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the barrier comprises polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).

4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising heating the catalyst.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the generated gases are hydrogen and oxygen.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the produced liquid is water.

7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising sealing each of the anode and the cathode in a tube of the ion-exchange membrane or in between sheets of the ion-exchange membrane.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ion-exchange membranes, when hydrated, are permeable to a liquid and ions and impermeable to the generated gases.

9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising maintaining an inlet portion of the reservoir at a lower pressure than an outlet pressure of the fluid reservoir.

10. An apparatus comprising:

a first electrode enclosed in a first ion-exchange membrane;

a first barrier to seal the first electrode within a first space defined by the first ion-exchange membrane and first barrier and to inhibit passage of an electrolyte from the first space;

a second electrode enclosed in a second ion-exchange membrane;

a second barrier to seal the second electrode within a second space defined by the second ion-exchange membrane and second barrier and to inhibit passage of the electrolyte from the second space;

an electroosmotic pump reservoir to contain the electrolyte, a portion of the enclosed first electrode, and a portion of the enclosed second electrode in the electrolyte;

a recombination device to recombine gases to produce a liquid, wherein the recombination device is located outside of the reservoir and includes a catalyst and an osmotic membrane; and

conduits to channel gases generated by electrolytic decomposition of the electrolyte in the first and second spaces defined by the first and second ion-exchange membranes from the first and second spaces through the first and second barriers to a recombination device located outside of the fluid reservoir independent of the orientation of reservoir and under pressure of the generated gases.

11. The apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the ion-exchange membranes are permeable to a liquid and ions, and impermeable to gas when hydrated.

12. The apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the barrier inhibits passage of the electrolyte from exiting the defined first and second spaces.

13. The apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the barrier comprises polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).

14. The apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the produced liquid is water.

15. The apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the generated gases are hydrogen and oxygen.

16. The apparatus of claim 10 , further comprising a fluid inlet to the reservoir and a fluid outlet out of the reservoir.

17. The apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the recombination device comprises:

a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) barrier to inhibit the passage of the produced liquid from the recombination device;

a catalyst to initiate a recombination of the generated gases to the liquid;

an osmotic membrane to transport the produced liquid from the recombination device to the reservoir, and

a heater to improve a rate of recombination of catalyst and inhibit condensation.

18. The apparatus of claim 17 , wherein the catalyst includes porous platinum.

19. The apparatus of claim 17 , wherein the recombination device further comprises a chamber to collect the generated gases.

20. The apparatus of claim 10 , further comprising an electroosmotic pumping structure located in the reservoir between the first and the second electrodes.

21. A recombination device to recombine gases, the recombination device comprising:

a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) barrier, wherein the PTFE barrier is provided to inhibit passage of a liquid produced by the recombination therethrough from the recombination device;

a catalyst to initiate a recombination of gases to produce the liquid, wherein the catalyst is interfaced with the PTFE barrier; and

an osmotic membrane interfaced with the catalyst to transport the produced liquid from the catalyst to an outlet of the recombination device.

22. The recombination device of claim 21 , wherein the catalyst comprises porous platinum.

23. The recombination device of claim 21 , further comprising a chamber in fluid communication with the PTFE barrier to collect the gases therein.