Method and apparatus for acquisition, compression, and characterization of spatiotemporal signals
The present invention provides methods and apparatus for acquisition, compression, and characterization of spatiotemporal signals. In one aspect, the invention assesses self-similarity over the entire length of a spatiotemporal signal, as well as on a moving attention window, to provide cost effective measurement and quantification of dynamic processes. The invention also provides methods and apparatus for measuring self-similarity in spatiotemporal signals to characterize, adaptively control acquisition and/or storage, and assign meta-data for further detail processing. In some embodiments, the invention provides for an apparatus adapted for the characterization of biological units, and methods by which attributes of the biological units can be monitored in response to the addition or removal of manipulations, e.g., treatments. The attributes of biological units can be used to characterize the effects of the abovementioned manipulations or treatments as well as to identify genes or proteins responsible for, or contributing to, these effects.
1. A method of evaluating a dynamic system, comprising:
a. acquiring a plurality of images representative of the dynamic system in two or more dimensions using at least one sensor;
b. determining self-similarity among a representative set of images using an unsupervised algorithm defined as being absent a previously known model, wherein the unsupervised algorithm is implemented on at least one data processing device; and
c. characterizing the set of images as a statistical function of self-similarity;
thereby evaluating the dynamic system.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the dimensions include any of time, space, frequency spectrum, temperature, presence or absence of an attribute of the system.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the determining step includes determining self-similarity between all of the plurality of images; and
the characterizing step includes characterizing the dynamic system as a statistical function of the self-similarities determined with respect to the plurality of images.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the images are acquired by a method comprising:
a. acquiring images at a first acquisition parameterization;
b. determining similarity between a selected image and at least one of the other images;
c. characterizing the images as a statistical function of self-similarity; and
the acquisition parameterization is adjusted as a function of the self-similarity of the images.
5. A method of evaluating a dynamic system, comprising:
a. acquiring a plurality of images representative of the dynamic system in two or more dimensions using at least one sensor;
b. determining self-similarity among a representative set of images using an unsupervised algorithm defined as being absent a previously known model, wherein the unsupervised algorithm is implemented on at least one data processing device, wherein determining self-similarity includes estimating a short-term temporal similarity and a long-term temporal similarity; and
c. characterizing the set of images as a statistical function of self-similarity, thereby evaluating the dynamic system.
6. The method of claim 5 , further comprising combining the long-term and short-term similarities to establish a self-similarity matrix representative of an entire duration of an analysis.
7. The method of claim 6 , further comprising processing the self-similarity matrix to model spatiotemporal signals.
8. The method of claim 6 , comprising evaluating the self-similarity matrix by analyzing the symmetry of the matrix.
9. The method of claim 6 , further comprising analyzing the self-similarity matrix to represent a signal.
10. The method of claim 6 , wherein characterizing the set of images includes applying a matrix operation to the self-similarity matrix to characterize the dynamic system.
11. The method of claim 5 , further comprising loading images into a frame buffer and using the loaded images for estimating the short-term temporal similarity.
12. The method of claim 11 , further comprising using the loaded images for estimating long-term temporal similarity.
13. The method of claim 5 , further comprising comparing the characterized set of images with a reference value.