Composition and method for reducing chemical oxygen demand in water
A method and composition for reducing chemical oxygen demand is presented. The composition includes a persulfate donor and a transition metal catalyst in contact with the persulfate donor. When the composition is contacted by water, the transition metal catalyst reacts with persulfate and reduces the persulfate concentration in the water. The composition allows the use of persulfate, which is known to cause irritation to users of aquatic facilities (e.g., pools, spas) that come in contact with it. As the persulfate concentration is reduced rapidly in the water by the catalyzed reaction, the persulfate-containing cleaning product may even be used while the aquatic facilities are being used. Optionally, a free halogen donor may be incorporated into the composition. The composition may be in the form of powder, granules (coated or uncoated), or agglomerate.
1. A method of removing organic contaminants in the water of an aquatic facility using in-situ generated sulfate free radicals, the method consisting of:
adding to water of an aquatic facility that is being used by swimmers/bathers, a transition metal catalyst selected from the group consisting of cobalt, manganese, silver and combinations thereof, said transition metal catalyst is added to the aquatic facility in the form of ions derived from its elemental metal, in the form of an inorganic salt and/or in the form of a complex with an organic chelating agent, wherein said transition metal catalyst is added at a concentration to maintain a transition metal catalyst concentration of between about 5 ppb and about 1000 ppb measured as elemental metal in the water;
and subsequent to said addition of said transition metal catalyst to said water of said aquatic facility, adding a persulfate donor selected from the group consisting of: potassium monopersulfate, potassium persulfate, sodium persulfate and combinations thereof to the water of said aquatic facility,
wherein said process sustains a persulfate concentration of less than 2 ppm in said aquatic facility.
2. A method of removing organic contaminants in the water of an aquatic facility using in-situ generated sulfate free radicals, the method consisting of:
adding to water of an aquatic facility that is being used by swimmers/bathers, a transition metal catalyst selected from the group consisting of cobalt, manganese, silver and combinations thereof, said transition metal catalyst is added to the aquatic facility in the form of ions derived from its elemental metal, in the form of an inorganic salt and/or in the form of a complex with an organic chelating agent, wherein said transition metal catalyst is added at a concentration to maintain a transition metal catalyst concentration of between about 5 ppb and about 500 ppb measured as elemental metal in the water;
preparing an aqueous solution of persulfate donor selected from the group consisting of: potassium monopersulfate, potassium persulfate, sodium persulfate and combinations thereof; and
feeding said aqueous solution of persulfate donor to said transition metal catalyst containing water of said aquatic facility;
wherein said process sustains a persulfate concentration of less than 2 ppm in said aquatic facility.
3. A method of removing organic contaminants in the water of an aquatic facility using in-situ generated sulfate free radicals, the method consisting of:
adding to water of an aquatic facility that is being used by swimmers/bathers, a cobalt transition metal catalyst, said cobalt transition metal catalyst is added to the aquatic facility in the form of ions derived from elemental cobalt metal, in the form of an inorganic salt and/or in the form of a complex with an organic chelating agent, wherein said cobalt transition metal catalyst is added at a concentration to maintain a cobalt transition metal catalyst concentration of between about 5 ppb and about 500 ppb measured as elemental metal in the water;
preparing an aqueous solution of potassium monopersulfate and
feeding said aqueous solution of potassium monopersulfate to said cobalt containing water of said aquatic facility;
wherein said process sustains a persulfate concentration of less than 2 ppm in said aquatic facility.