Method of plasmon-enhanced properties of materials and applications thereof
Methods and applications of surface plasmon resonance-enhanced antibacterial, anti-adhere, adhere, catalytic, hydrophilic, hydrophobic, spectral change, biological and chemical decomposition properties of materials with embedded nanoparticles are disclosed. A method of the nonlinear generation of surface plasmon resonance enables the use of light with wavelengths from X-Ray to IR to enhance properties of materials by several orders of magnitude. The nanoparticle size is crucial for the enhancement and their size is considered to be in the proposed methods and applications within a range of 0.1 nm to 200,000 nm. The nanoparticles preferably are made of noble metals and/or semiconductor oxides. The invention describes a very broad spectrum of applications of surface plasmon resonance-enhanced properties of materials with embedded nanoparticles, from environmental cleanup by road pavement and construction materials, self-cleaning processes of surface materials, thermochromic effects on heat blocking materials, corrosion preventing paint, to sanitization by antibacterial textile fabrics, filters, personal clothing, contact lenses and medical devices.
1. A method of creating surface plasmon induced properties in materials comprising steps of: providing a material; providing a nanoparticle capable of creating a surface plasmon induced property in the material by interactions of surface plasmon electric fields of the excited nanoparticle with the material; providing a surface plasmon source; embedding the nanoparticle into the material by mixing the nanoparticle with the material or by allowing the nanoparticle to be adsorbed by the material; and exciting the embedded nanoparticle by the surface plasmon source.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticle is metal, metal oxide, metal dioxide, metallic salt, intermetallic alloy, transition metal, quantum dot, electric conductor, electric superconductor, electric semiconductor, or semiconductor doped with metal.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein metal is selected from the group consisting of: silver, silver oxide, silver ion, silver nitrate, ruthenium, platinum, palladium, cobalt, rhenium, rhodium, osmium, iridium, copper, aluminum, aluminum oxide, aluminum alloy, zinc, zinc oxide, nickel, chromium, magnesium, magnesium oxide, tungsten, iron, palladium, gold, titanium, titanium oxide, titanium dioxide, titania, alkaline earth metal, selenium, cadmium, vanadium, vanadium oxide, or molybdenum.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticle has a size within a range of 0.1 nm to 200,000 nm in at least one of its dimensions.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the nanoparticle is a thin film, colloid, fiber, metal island, nanowire, nanotube, empty shell, shell filled with a conducting material, or shell filled with a dielectric material.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticle is a non-coated nanoparticle, or a coated nanoparticle.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the coated nanoparticle is coated by a semiconductor, conductor, biochemical substance, polymer, light sensitive polymer, disintegrating in time polymer, or environmentally sensitive polymer.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein said coating material of said embedded nanoparticle has thickness within a range of 1 nm to 200,000 nm.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the material is a dielectric, conductor, semiconductor, silicon oxide, zeolite, mesoporous material, construction material, paint material, road pavement material, glass, ceramic, plastics, silicone, silica, adhesive material, corrosion protective material, packaging material, contact lenses material, optical material, thermochromic material, quartz, polymer, polypropylene, aqueous solution, organic solution, air, gas, textile fabric, cellulose based material, or biological material.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plasmon source is a single energy source or a multiple energy source selected from the group consisting of: electromagnetic, ultrasound, thermal, electric, electrostatic, magnetic, ionizing radiation, or mechanical.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the electromagnetic radiation source is selected from the group consisting of: a laser with single wavelength, laser with plurality wavelengths, semiconductor laser, pulsed laser, Q-switched laser, light emitted diode, lamp, bioluminescence, sunlight, fluorescence, chemiluminescence, electroluminescence, luminescence, and X-Rays.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plasmon induced property of the material is selected from the group of: hydrophilic, hydrophobic, antibacterial, anti-adhere, adhere, or chemically reactive.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plasmon induced property of the material is spatially controlled in the material by the plasmon source or by location of the nanoparticle in the material.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plasmon induced property of the material is controlled by the nanoparticle or the material.