Flexible open tube sampling system for use with surface ionization technology
The present invention is a device to restrict the sampling of analyte ions and neutral molecules from surfaces with mass spectrometry and thereby sample from a defined area or volume. In various embodiments of the present invention, a tube is used to sample ions formed with a defined spatial resolution from desorption ionization at or near atmospheric pressures. In an embodiment of the present invention, electrostatic fields are used to direct ions to either individual tubes or a plurality of tubes positioned in close proximity to the surface of the sample being analyzed. In an embodiment of the present invention, wide diameter sampling tubes can be used in combination with a vacuum inlet to draw ions and neutrals into the spectrometer for analysis. In an embodiment of the present invention, wide diameter sampling tubes in combination with electrostatic fields improve the efficiency of ion collection.
1. A device for analyzing an analyte comprising:
a component for generating a plurality of ionizing species; and
a tube with a proximal end and a distal end, wherein the plurality of ionizing species are directed at the analyte; wherein the analyte is at approximately atmospheric pressure; wherein the distal end of the tube is positioned to transfer one or more analyte ions into a mass spectrometer; wherein the proximal end of the tube is positioned a distance away from the position where the plurality of ionizing species are directed at the analyte such that one or more analyte ions pass through the tube into the mass spectrometer.
2. The device of claim 1 , wherein:
the tube can be one or more of flexible, curved and coiled.
3. The device of claim 1 , wherein:
the tube is a length of between:
a lower limit of approximately 10 −2 m; and
an upper limit of approximately 3 m.
4. The device of claim 1 , wherein:
the tube is positioned a distance away from the analyte of between:
a lower limit of approximately 10 −5 m; and
an upper limit of approximately 2×10 −1 m.
5. The device of claim 1 , wherein the component for generating a plurality of ionizing species is selected from the group of sources consisting of a direct analysis real time (DART), a desorption electrospray ionization (DESI), an atmospheric laser desorption ionization, a Corona discharge, an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) and a glow discharge source.
6. The device of claim 1 , wherein the diameter of the tube is between:
a lower limit of approximately 10 −4 m; and
an upper limit of approximately 10 −1 m.
7. The device of claim 6 , further comprising:
an apparatus to accurately adjust the position of the tube relative to one or both the analyte and the plurality of ionizing species.
8. The device of claim 1 , wherein:
the tube is made from one or more materials chosen from the group consisting of metal, glass, plastic, conductively coated plastic, conductively coated fused silica, non conductively coated plastic, non conductively coated fused silica, glass lined metal tube and resistively coated glass.
9. The device of claim 1 , further comprising:
an inner surface of the tube; wherein the inner surface is conductive; wherein a potential is applied to the inner conductive surface of the tube.
10. The device of claim 9 , wherein one or more sample analyte ions are attracted to the potential applied to the inner conductive surface and thereby pass through the tube into the mass spectrometer.
11. The device of claim 9 , wherein the inner conductive surface inside diameter is between:
a lower limit of approximately 10 −4 m; and
an upper limit of approximately 10 −1 m.
12. The device of claim 9 , wherein:
the inner tube conductive surface is positioned relative to one or both the analyte and the plurality of ionizing species at an angle between:
a lower limit of approximately 10 degrees; and
an upper limit of approximately 90 degrees.
13. The device of claim 9 , wherein:
the inner tube conductive surface protrudes from the proximal end of the tube by a distance of between:
a lower limit of approximately 10 −4 m; and
an upper limit of approximately 10 −2 m.
14. The device of claim 13 , wherein:
the inner tube conductive surface is positioned a distance away from the analyte of between:
a lower limit of approximately 10 −5 m; and
an upper limit of approximately 10 −1 m.
15. The device of claim 14 , further comprising:
apparatus to accurately adjust the position of the inner tube conductive surface relative to one or both the analyte and the plurality of ionizing species.
16. The device of claim 9 , wherein:
the inner tube conductive surface extends inside the tube from the proximal end of the tube by a distance of between:
a lower limit of approximately 10 −4 m; and
an upper limit of approximately 10 −1 m.
17. The device of claim 9 , further comprising:
locating the analyte on a reference position; and
an apparatus for locating the reference position and positioning the inner conductive surface relative to the reference position to analyze the analyte.
18. The device of claim 1 , further comprising:
an outer surface of the tube; wherein the outer conductive surface is conductive; wherein a second potential is applied to the outer conductive surface of the tube.
19. The device of claim 1 , wherein:
the tube is comprised of two or more segments; wherein the segment which constitutes the proximal end of the tube is the proximal segment and the segment which constitutes the distal end of the tube is the distal segment; wherein the proximal segment of the tube has a smaller inner diameter than the distal segment of between:
a lower limit of 1% of the inside diameter of the distal segment; and
an upper limit of approximately 50% of the inside diameter of the distal segment.
20. A device for analyzing an analyte comprising:
a DART source for generating a plurality of ionizing species; and
a tube with a proximal end and a distal end, wherein the plurality of ionizing species are directed at the analyte; wherein the analyte is at approximately atmospheric pressure; wherein the distal end of the tube is connected to a mass spectrometer; wherein the proximal end of the tube is positioned approximately 1 mm to approximately 5 mm away from the position where the plurality of ionizing species are directed at the analyte such that one or more analyte ions pass through the tube into the mass spectrometer.
21. A device for analyzing an analyte comprising:
a source for generating a plurality of ionizing species;
a tube with a proximal end and a distal end, wherein the plurality of ionizing species are directed at the analyte; wherein the analyte is at approximately atmospheric pressure; wherein the distal end of the tube is positioned to transfer one or more analyte ions into a mass spectrometer; wherein the proximal end of the tube is positioned a distance away from the position where the plurality of ionizing species are directed at the analyte such that one or more analyte ions pass through the tube into the mass spectrometer;
an inner surface of the tube;
a device for positioning the analyte on a reference position; and
a device for locating the reference position and positioning the inner surface relative to the reference position to analyze the analyte.