Short recoil semi-automatic shotgun
A smooth-bore barrel semi-automatic shotgun include a frame comprising a breech. A barrel is slidingly mounted on the frame relative to the breech. A slide-bolt assembly, which slides relative to the breech, is adapted to close the barrel. A friction spring opposes the barrel's sliding movement relative to the frame.
1. A semi-automatic smooth-bore barrel shotgun comprising:
a frame comprising a breech;
a barrel mounted on said frame for sliding relative to said breech;
a slide-bolt assembly, sliding relative to said breech, which is adapted to close said barrel; and
elastic means adapted to oppose the sliding of said barrel relative to said frame; characterized in that said elastic means comprise a friction spring,
wherein said friction spring comprises rings arranged so as to mutually contact in order to create a plurality of friction surfaces when the friction spring is subjected to an axial compression stress.
2. The shotgun according to claim 1 , wherein said shotgun is of the break-action type, that is in which the frame comprises a receiver hinged thereto.
3. The shotgun according to claim 1 , further comprising an outer side cartridge carrier adapted to contain a cartridge.
4. The shotgun according to claim 1 , further comprising a magazine adapted to contain a plurality of cartridges.
5. The shotgun according to claim 1 , wherein the barrel comprises, at the proximal end thereof, a chamber adapted to contain cartridges containing a charge of firing powder and a charge of pellets.
6. The shotgun according to claim 5 , wherein the slide-bolt assembly comprises a bolt, and a slide, which are mounted so as to be able to slide one relative to the other.
7. The shotgun according to claim 6 , wherein the bolt is adapted to close the chamber and to set a shape coupling with the same chamber or with the breech of the barrel.
8. The shotgun according to claim 7 , wherein relative movements between the bolt and the chamber, and/or between the bolt and the breech allow setting and releasing, respectively, the shape coupling.
9. The shotgun according to claim 7 , wherein the shape coupling between the chamber and the bolt can be released by rotating the same bolt.
10. The shotgun according to claim 7 , wherein the shape coupling between the breech and the bolt can be released by swinging the same bolt.
11. The shotgun according to claim 6 , wherein the bolt, once released, can slide in the slide and move away from the chamber, and wherein the slide comprises a cam surface adapted to guide the bolt movements.
12. The shotgun according to claim 1 , wherein said friction spring comprises a plurality of inner rings surrounded by a plurality of outer rings arranged so as to create a plurality of friction surfaces.
13. The shotgun according to claim 1 , wherein said friction spring has a characteristic curve Force-Displacement with a marked hysteresis, that is in which the energy released by the friction spring during the discharge cycle is markedly lower than that stored during the charge cycle.
14. The shotgun according to claim 1 , wherein the friction spring is co-axially arranged to the barrel.
15. The shotgun according to claim 1 , wherein the friction spring is also adapted to stop the recoil stroke of the slide-bolt assembly.
16. A semi-automatic smooth-bore barrel shotgun comprising:
a frame comprising a breech;
a barrel mounted on said frame for sliding relative to said breech;
a slide-bolt assembly, sliding relative to said breech, which is adapted to close said barrel; and
elastic means adapted to oppose the sliding of said barrel relative to said frame; wherein said elastic means comprise a friction spring;
wherein said elastic means further comprise a coil spring coaxially arranged relative to the friction spring, and wherein the coil spring and the friction spring are arranged in series.
17. The shotgun according to claim 16 , wherein the coil spring is adapted to bring the barrel back to the battery position at the end of the recoil stroke following the firing and to keep the barrel in the battery position despite shaking during use of the shotgun.
18. The shotgun according to claim 12 , wherein in said friction spring some of the outer rings are cut.
19. The shotgun according to claim 16 , wherein all the recoil stroke (l) of the barrel has a length less than 10 mm, and wherein the (L/l) ratio between the recoil stroke (L) of the slide-bolt assembly and all the recoil stroke (l) of the barrel is more than 10.
20. The shotgun according to claim 1 , wherein said friction spring is pre-loaded, so as to react to compression movements near to zero with a pre-established non-null force.
21. A semi-automatic smooth-bore barrel shotgun comprising:
a frame comprising a breech;
a barrel mounted on said frame for sliding relative to said breech;
a slide-bolt assembly, sliding relative to said breech, which is adapted to close said barrel;
elastic means adapted to oppose the sliding of said barrel relative to said frame; wherein said elastic means comprise a friction spring; and
a buffer comprising said friction spring, an inner tube, a sliding flange, and an abutting flange mounted on the inner tube, the sliding flange and the abutting flange constituting a rest in the axial direction for the friction spring.
22. The shotgun according to claim 21 , wherein the sliding flange is able to slide along the inner tube only in the approaching direction to the friction spring, while its sliding in the opposite, removal direction from the friction spring is prevented, and wherein, during the operative life of the buffer, the abutting flange is fixed relative to the inner tube.
23. The shotgun according to claim 21 , wherein the buffer provides a compression pre-load to the friction spring.
24. The shotgun according to claim 21 , wherein all axial clearances of the buffer and the friction spring are recovered.