Method of obtaining high-quality products from polyolefin waste material or polyolefins

1. A method of obtaining high-quality products from polyolefin waste material or polyolefins, said method comprising the following steps in the order listed:

(a) thermally or catalytically decomposing polyolefin waste material or polyolefins to yield vapor products;

(b) condensing vapor products of thermal or catalytic decomposition of polyolefin waste material or polyolefins, to yield a first mixture;

(c) catalytically hydrogenating said first mixture to reduce olefinic double bonds and acetylenic triple bonds to yield a second mixture; and

(d) fractionally distilling said second mixture to yield one or more of the following: a kerosene fraction having a boiling range below 180° C., a cosmetic kerosene fraction having a boiling range of between 180 and 275° C., a white oil fraction having a boiling range of between 270 and 400° C., or a paraffin fraction having a boiling range above 400° C.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein if the condensate in step b contains sulfur, additionally removing said sulfur by hydrodesulfurization before hydrogenating said first mixture.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said white oil fraction his divided into a plurality of white oil grades.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said paraffin fraction is further subjected to a process of deoiling with the use of a press.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said paraffin fraction is further subjected to fractional distillation to yield cosmetic paraffin and other high-quality types of paraffin.

6. The method of claim 1 , comprising further in step (a), partially condensing and recycling heavier vapors, whereby significantly increasing ratio of C10-C16 hydrocarbons in the vapor products.

7. The method of claim 1 , comprising further in step (a), partially condensing and recycling heavier vapors, whereby significantly increasing ratio of C15-C25 hydrocarbons in the vapor products.

8. The method of claim 1 , not comprising in step (a) partially condensing and recycling heavier vapors, whereby significantly increasing ratio of hydrocarbons above C20 in the vapor products.

9. The method of claim 1 , comprising further in step (a), partially cyclizing aliphatic hydrocarbons to yield naphthenic or aromatic hydrocarbons, said aromatic hydrocarbons being converted in step (b) into naphthenic hydrocarbons.

10. A method for obtaining products from polyolefin waste material or polyolefins, the method comprising the following steps in the order listed:

(a) thermally or catalytically decomposing polyolefin waste material or polyolefins to yield vapor products;

(b) fractionally condensing said vapor products into three fractions: a first fraction comprising compounds critically having boiling limits of below 280° C.; a second fraction comprising compounds critically having boiling limits of between 280° C. and 380° C.; and a third fraction comprising compounds critically having boiling limits of above 380° C.;

(c) independently subjecting said first fraction, said second fraction, and said third fraction to catalytic hydrogenation using a nickel catalyst until olefins contained in said fractions are hydrogenated yielding a first hydrogenated fraction, a second hydrogenated fraction, and a third hydrogenated fraction, respectively;

(d) fractionally distilling said first hydrogenated fraction to yield cosmetic kerosene having boiling limits of between 180° C. and 275° C.;

(e) fractionally distilling said second hydrogenated fraction to yield white oil having boiling limits between 270° C. and 380° C.; and

(f) fractionally distilling said third hydrogenated fraction to yield paraffin having boiling limits between 380° C. and 620° C.

11. The method of claim 10 , further comprising de-oiling paraffin obtained in (f) to yield low-oil paraffin having a solidification point of above 50° C. and having the content of oil of below 2% by weight.

12. A method for obtaining products from polyolefin waste material or polyolefins, the method comprising the following steps in the order listed:

(a) thermally or catalytically decomposing polyolefin waste material or polyolefins to yield vapor products, said vapor products comprising higher-boiling vapors having boiling limits above 400° C. and lower-boiling vapors having boiling limits between 70° C. and 400° C.;

(b) fractionally condensing and recycling said higher-boiling vapors;

(c) fractionally condensing said lower-boiling vapors into two fractions: a first fraction comprising compounds critically having boiling limits of below 270° C.; and a second fraction comprising compounds critically having boiling limits of between 270° C. and 390° C.;

(d) independently subjecting said first fraction, and said second fraction to catalytic hydrogenation using a nickel catalyst yielding a first hydrogenated fraction, and a second hydrogenated fraction, respectively;

(d) fractionally distilling said first hydrogenated fraction to yield cosmetic kerosene having boiling limits of between 180° C. and 275° C.; and

(e) fractionally distilling said second hydrogenated fraction to yield white oil having boiling limits between 270° C. and 380° C.

13. The method of claim 12 , further comprising fractionally distilling said first hydrogenated fraction to yield compounds having boiling limits of below 180° C. that are useful as components of fuels.

14. The method of claim 10 , wherein if said first fraction, said second fraction, or said third fraction obtained in (b) contain sulfur, additionally removing said sulfur by hydrodesulfurization before (c).

15. The method of claim 12 , wherein if said first fraction or said second fraction in (c) contain sulfur, additionally removing said sulfur by hydrodesulfurization before (d).

16. The method of claim 12 , wherein by fractionally condensing and recycling said higher-boiling vapors in (b), significantly increasing ratio of C10-C16 hydrocarbons in said vapor products.

17. The method of claim 12 , wherein by fractionally condensing and recycling said higher-boiling vapors in (b), significantly increasing ratio of C15-C25 hydrocarbons in said vapor products.

18. The method of claim 12 , wherein by fractionally condensing and recycling said higher-boiling vapors in (b), significantly increasing ratio of hydrocarbons above C20 in said vapor products.

19. The method of claim 12 , wherein said cosmetic kerosene and said white oil do not contain sulfur compounds, nitrogen compounds, aromatic hydrocarbons, or unsaturated hydrocarbons.

20. The method of claim 12 , wherein fractional distillations in (d) and (e) are performed at atmospheric pressure.