Directed echo requests and reverse traceroute
In one embodiment, a first node may send an out-of-band message to a second node to request that the second node initiate an in-band echo request for a specified tunnel, e.g., toward one or more third nodes. Upon receiving the in-band echo request, one or more responding nodes (e.g., generally the third nodes) may send a response to the first node. This “directed echo request” technique may also be used in conjunction with a “reverse traceroute” technique.
1. A method, comprising:
sending an out-of-band message from a first node to a second node on a specified tunnel that is located intermediate between an ingress node and an egress node of the specified tunnel, the out-of-band message configured to request that the second node initiate an in-band echo request for the specified tunnel toward one or more third nodes on the specified tunnel, wherein one or more responding nodes are configured to send a corresponding out-of-band response to the first node;
verifying that the second node can reach a particular third node in-band based on a corresponding response received at the first node; and
wherein the first node is not along the tunnel.
2. The method as in claim 1 , further comprising:
failing to verify that the second node can reach the third node in-band when no response is received at the first node.
3. The method as in claim 2 , further comprising:
sending one or more additional out-of-band messages from the first node to the second node to request that the second node initiate an in-band echo request toward the third node; and
confirming that the second node cannot reach the third node in-band when no response is received at the first node.
4. The method as in claim 1 , wherein the third node is not an egress of the tunnel.
5. The method as in claim 1 , wherein the third node is the responding node.
6. The method as in claim 1 , wherein the step of sending comprises the step of sending the in-band echo request over a Point-to-Multipoint (P2MP) tunnel having one or more branches, and wherein the out-of-band message is further configured to specify which of the one or more branches the in-band echo request is to be sent.
7. The method as in claim 1 , wherein the in-band echo request is a Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) echo message.
8. The method as in claim 1 , further comprising:
receiving, at the first node, an acknowledgement of receipt of the out-of-band message from the second node.
9. The method as in claim 1 , further comprising:
specifying a time-to-live (TTL) value within the out-of-band message to be used within the in-band echo request.
10. A method, comprising:
sending an out-of-band message from a first node to a second node, the out-of-band message configured to request that the second node initiate an in-band echo request for a specified tunnel toward one or more third nodes, wherein one or more responding nodes are configured to send a corresponding out-of-band response to the first node;
receiving the corresponding out-of-band response at the first node;
sending out-of-band messages from the first node to successive previous-hop in-band nodes of the second node to request that the successive previous-hop node initiate an in-band echo request toward the third node; and
continuing to send the out-of-band messages until an in-band failure location is determined or an ingress node is reached.
11. The method as in claim 10 , further comprising:
requesting that the second node inform the first node of at least one of either its one or more previous-hop in-band nodes or its one or more next-hop in-band nodes.
12. The method as in claim 10 , wherein the first node is not along the specified tunnel.
13. The method as in claim 10 , wherein the third node is not an egress of the specified tunnel.
14. The method as in claim 10 , wherein the third node is the responding node.
15. The method as in claim 10 , wherein the specified tunnel is a Point-to-Multipoint (P2MP) tunnel having one or more branches, and wherein one or more of the out-of-band messages are further configured to specify which of the one or more branches an in-band echo request is to be sent.
16. The method as in claim 10 , wherein one or more of the in-band echo requests are a Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) echo messages.
17. The method as in claim 10 , further comprising:
specifying a time-to-live (TTL) value within one or more of the out-of-band messages to be used within a corresponding in-band echo request.
18. A first node, comprising:
one or more network interfaces;
one or more processors coupled to the one or more network interfaces and configured to execute one or more software processes; and
a memory configured to store a directed echo request process executable by the one or more processors, the directed echo request process configured to: i) send an out-of-band message to a second node on a specified tunnel that is located intermediate between an ingress node and an egress node of a-the specified tunnel, the out-of-band message configured to request that the second node initiate an in-band echo request for the specified tunnel toward one or more third nodes on the specified tunnel, wherein one or more responding nodes are configured to send a corresponding out-of-band response to the first node, and ii) determine whether the second node can reach the third node in-band based on a corresponding response received at the first node; and
wherein the first node is not along the tunnel.
19. The first node as in claim 18 , wherein the directed echo request process is further configured to:
receive a response from the third node that indicates that the third node is not reachable; and
in response, determine that the second node cannot reach the third node in-band.
20. The first node as in claim 18 , wherein the third node is the responding node.
21. The first node as in claim 18 , wherein the first node is an in-band ingress node.
22. A first node, comprising:
one or more network interfaces;
one or more processors coupled to the one or more network interfaces and adapted to execute one or more software processes; and
a memory configured to store a directed echo request process executable by the one or more processors, the directed echo request process configured to: i) send an out-of-band message to a second node, the out-of-band message configured to request that the second node initiate an in-band echo request for a specified tunnel toward one or more third nodes, wherein one or more responding nodes are configured to send a corresponding out-of-band response to the first node, and ii) receive the corresponding out-of-band response at the first node,
wherein the memory is further configured to store a reverse traceroute process executable by the processor, the reverse traceroute process configured to: i) send out-of-band messages to successive previous-hop in-band nodes of the second node to request that the successive previous-hop node initiate an in-band echo request to the third node, and ii) continue to send the out-of-band messages until the third node does not send a corresponding response to the first node.
23. The first node as in claim 22 , wherein the reverse traceroute process is further configured to:
determine an in-band failure location based on the previous-hop node that most recently received an out-of band message from the first node.
24. A method, comprising:
receiving an out-of-band message from a first node at a second node on a specified tunnel that is located intermediate between an ingress node and an egress node of the specified tunnel;
in response to the out-of-band message, initiating an in-band echo request at the second node for the specified tunnel toward a third node on the specified tunnel, wherein one or more responding nodes are configured to send a corresponding out-of-band response to the first and
wherein the first node is not along the tunnel.
25. The method as in claim 24 , further comprising:
returning an acknowledgement of receipt of the out-of band message from the second node to the first node.
26. An apparatus, comprising:
means for sending an out-of-band message from a first node to a second node that is located intermediate between an ingress node and an egress node of a specified tunnel, the out-of-band message configured to request that the second node initiate an in-band echo request for a specified tunnel toward one or more third nodes to cause one or more responding nodes to send a corresponding out-of-band response to the first node;
means for sending additional out-of-band messages from the first node to successive previous-hop in-band nodes of the second node to request that each successive previous-hop node initiate an in-band echo request toward the third node until a corresponding response is not received at the first node; and
means for determining an in-band failure location based on a lack of corresponding response.