Internal combustion engine
An internal combustion engine ( 100 ) comprises a fuel injection valve ( 21, 22 ) which supplies a first fuel having a higher self-ignitability than gasoline and a second fuel having a higher combustion speed than gasoline such that an air-fuel mixture containing the first fuel and the second fuel is formed in a combustion chamber ( 14 ), a spark plug ( 25 ) which ignites the air-fuel mixture, and a programmable controller ( 41 ) programmed to control supply proportions of the first fuel and the second fuel such that the ignited air-fuel mixture undergoes flame propagation combustion and then undergoes self-ignition combustion. Thus, a reduction in emissions can be achieved, and high thermal efficiency can be realized through the self-ignition combustion.
1. An internal combustion engine comprises:
a fuel injection valve which supplies a first fuel having a higher self-ignitability than gasoline and a second fuel having a higher combustion speed than gasoline such that an air-fuel mixture containing the first fuel and the second fuel is formed in a combustion chamber;
a spark plug which ignites the air-fuel mixture; and
a programmable controller programmed to control supply proportions of the first fuel and the second fuel such that the ignited air-fuel mixture undergoes flame propagation combustion and then undergoes self-ignition combustion.
2. The internal combustion engine as defined in claim 1 , wherein the fuel injection valve forms a homogeneous air-fuel mixture containing the first fuel and the second fuel throughout the entire combustion chamber.
3. The internal combustion engine as defined in claim 2 , wherein the fuel injection valve supplies a third fuel having a lower self-ignitability than the first fuel and a lower combustion speed than the second fuel, in addition to the first fuel and the second fuel, such that a homogeneous air-fuel mixture containing the first fuel, the second fuel, and the third fuel is formed throughout the entire combustion chamber.
4. The internal combustion engine as defined in claim 3 , wherein the programmable controller increases the supply proportions of the first fuel and the second fuel and reduces a supply proportion of the third fuel as an engine load decreases.
5. The internal combustion engine as defined in claim 3 , wherein the programmable controller determines whether or not the internal combustion engine is in a cold condition, and increases the supply proportions of the first fuel and the second fuel and reduces the supply proportion of the third fuel when the internal combustion engine is in a cold condition in comparison with a warm condition.
6. The internal combustion engine as defined in claim 3 , wherein the programmable controller determines whether or not a misfire has occurred in the flame propagation combustion, and increases the supply proportions of the first fuel and the second fuel and reduces the supply proportion of the third fuel when a misfire has occurred in the flame propagation combustion.
7. The internal combustion engine as defined in claim 3 , wherein the programmable controller determines whether or not a misfire has occurred in the self-ignition combustion, and increases the supply proportion of the first fuel and reduces the supply proportion of the third fuel when a misfire has occurred in the self-ignition combustion.
8. The internal combustion engine as defined in claim 3 , wherein the programmable controller determines whether or not knocking has occurred, and increases the supply proportion of the second fuel and reduces the supply proportion of the third fuel when knocking has occurred.
9. The internal combustion engine as defined in claim 8 , wherein the programmable controller determines whether or not knocking stronger than a reference value has occurred, and increases the supply proportion of the second fuel and reduces the supply proportions of the first fuel and the third fuel when knocking stronger than the reference value has occurred.
10. The internal combustion engine as defined in claim 1 , wherein
the combustion chamber includes a main combustion chamber having a volume which varies in accordance with a movement of a piston, and a auxiliary combustion chamber which has a fixed volume and communicates with the main combustion chamber through an injection hole,
the fuel injection valve forms a homogeneous air-fuel mixture containing the first fuel in the main combustion chamber and forms a homogeneous air-fuel mixture containing the second fuel in the auxiliary combustion chamber,
the spark plug ignites the homogeneous air-fuel mixture containing the second fuel formed in the auxiliary combustion chamber, and
the programmable controller adjusts the supply proportions of the first fuel and the second fuel such that the air-fuel mixture in the main combustion chamber undergoes flame propagation combustion on the basis of a flame torch generated through combustion of the air-fuel mixture in the auxiliary combustion chamber following ignition thereof by the spark plug, and then undergoes self-ignition combustion.
11. The internal combustion engine as defined in claim 10 , wherein the fuel injection valve supplies a third fuel having a lower self-ignitability than the first fuel and a lower combustion speed than the second fuel to the main combustion chamber such that a homogeneous air-fuel mixture containing the first fuel and the third fuel is formed in the main combustion chamber.
12. The internal combustion engine as defined in claim 11 , wherein the programmable controller increases the supply proportion of the first fuel and reduces a supply proportion of the third fuel as an engine load decreases.
13. The internal combustion engine as defined in claim 11 , wherein the programmable controller increases a supply amount of the second fuel as the engine load decreases.
14. The internal combustion engine as defined in claim 11 , wherein the programmable controller determines whether or not the internal combustion engine is in a cold condition, and increases the supply proportion of the first fuel and reduces the supply proportion of the third fuel when the internal combustion engine is in a cold condition in comparison with a warm condition.
15. The internal combustion engine as defined in claim 14 , wherein the programmable controller increases the supply amount of the second fuel when the internal combustion engine is in a cold condition in comparison with a warm condition.
16. The internal combustion engine as defined in claim 1 , wherein the programmable controller increases an excess air factor of the air-fuel mixture as the engine load decreases.
17. The internal combustion engine as defined in claim 1 , wherein the programmable controller adjusts the fuel supply proportions when an engine operating condition is in a predetermined low engine load, low engine rotation speed region.
18. The internal combustion engine as defined in claim 1 , wherein further comprising a variable valve driving mechanism which brings a closing timing of an intake valve closer to a piston bottom dead center timing so as to increase an effective compression ratio as the engine load decreases.
19. The internal combustion engine as defined in claim 1 , wherein further comprising a variable compression ratio mechanism which increases a mechanical compression ratio as the engine load decreases.
20. An internal combustion engine comprises:
means for supplying a first fuel having a higher self-ignitability than gasoline and a second fuel having a higher combustion speed than gasoline such that an air-fuel mixture containing the first fuel and the second fuel is formed in a combustion chamber;
means for igniting the air-fuel mixture so as to perform flame propagation combustion; and
means for controlling supply proportions of the first fuel and the second fuel such that the ignited air-fuel mixture undergoes flame propagation combustion and then undergoes self-ignition combustion.