Polarized eyewear
An article of polarized eyewear has a lens with a first substrate lens material transparent to visible light and a pattern of elongated structures formed from at least a second material having a complex index of refraction that is deposited onto a curved surface of the first substrate lens material. The pitch between adjacent elongated structures is less than 300 nm and the width of each elongated structure is less than 90% of the pitch.
1. An article of polarized eyewear having a lens, wherein the lens comprises:
a first substrate lens material transparent to visible light; and
a pattern of elongated structures formed from at least a second material having a complex index of refraction, wherein the second material is deposited directly onto a curved surface of the first substrate lens material, wherein a pitch between adjacent elongated structures is less than 300 nm and a width of each elongated structure is less than 90% of the pitch and wherein the pattern of elongated structures forms a polarizer across the curved surface that provides a substantially vertical polarization transmission axis.
2. The article of claim 1 further comprising a coating formed over the pattern of elongated structures.
3. The article of claim 1 wherein the elongated structures are formed from one or more of aluminum, copper, silver, carbon, titanium, platinum, gold, chromium, rhodium, and nickel.
4. The article of claim 1 wherein one or more of the elongated structures is formed as a layer of metal over a layer of a light-absorbing material.
5. The article of claim 1 wherein the elongated structures are embedded within a polymer.
6. The article of claim 1 wherein the elongated structures are formed of elongated nanoparticles.
7. The article of claim 1 wherein the first substrate lens material is a polymer.
8. The article of claim 1 wherein the first substrate lens material is glass.
9. The article of claim 1 wherein the elongated structures have a thickness above the curved surface that is within about 70 to 160 nm.
10. The article of claim 1 wherein the elongated structures are formed on an inner surface of the lens, facing a viewer who wears the eyewear.
11. The article of claim 1 wherein the elongated structures are segment-wise parallel.
12. The article of claim 1 wherein the elongated structures are sandwiched between two lens surfaces.
13. A method for fabricating polarized eyewear comprising:
providing a first substrate lens material having a predominantly real index of refraction; and
forming a pattern of segment-wise parallel elongated structures onto a surface of the first substrate lens material, wherein each elongated structure is formed from at least a second material having a complex index of refraction; and
shaping the first substrate lens material to provide one or more curved surfaces and to align the pattern of segment-wise parallel elongated structures according to a polarization axis,
wherein the pitch between adjacent elongated structures after shaping is less than 300 nm and the width of each elongated structure is less than 90% of the pitch.
14. The method of claim 13 wherein forming the pattern of elongated structures comprises depositing one or more layers of at least the second material and etching the one or more layers.
15. The method of claim 13 wherein forming the pattern of elongated structures comprises depositing at least the second material using nano-printing.
16. The method of claim 13 wherein forming the pattern of elongated structures comprises impressing a stamp against a surface of the first substrate lens material.
17. The method of claim 13 further comprising applying a protective coating onto the pattern of elongated structures.
18. The method of claim 13 wherein forming the pattern of elongated structures comprises aligning one or more particulate materials into channels formed on the surface of the first substrate lens material.
19. The method of claim 13 wherein forming the pattern of elongated structures comprises depositing a light-absorbing material in a first layer directly onto the first substrate lens material.
20. The method of claim 13 wherein forming the pattern of elongated structures comprises providing an interference pattern from a pair of laser light sources.
21. The method of claim 13 wherein forming the pattern of elongated structures comprises depositing nanotubes into channels formed in the lens surface.
22. The method of claim 13 wherein forming the pattern of segment-wise parallel elongated structures further comprises compensating for changes to pattern alignment according to anticipated shaping of the first substrate lens material.
23. A method for fabricating polarized eyewear comprising:
providing a first substrate lens material that is transparent to visible light;
forming a pattern of elongated structures onto a surface of the first substrate lens material, wherein each elongated structure is formed from at least a second material having a complex index of refraction;
wherein the pitch between adjacent elongated structures is less than 300 nm and the width of each elongated structure is less than 90% of the pitch; and
curving the first substrate lens material into a shape that brings the elongated structures into a segment-wise parallel relationship and substantially maintains a polarization azimuth over the curved shape.
24. The method of claim 23 wherein curving the first substrate lens material further comprises bonding the first substrate lens material to a curved substrate lens material.