Method and apparatus for conducting a chemical reaction in the presence of cavitation and an electrical current

1. An apparatus for conducting a chemical reaction comprising:

a housing;

a liquid disposed within the housing;

a rotor disposed within the housing and having at least one irregularity for producing cavitation in the liquid upon rotation of the rotor, wherein

the rotor and the housing are an anode and cathode, respectively, or the rotor and the housing are a cathode and an anode, respectively, the anode and the cathode being configured to create an electrical current across the liquid in the presence of the cavitation.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the irregularities are bores.

3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the rotor has a periphery, and the bores are formed in the periphery.

4. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising an ion exchange membrane disposed between the housing and the rotor.

5. A method of conducting a chemical reaction comprising:

introducing a fluid containing reactants into a chamber within a housing;

rotating a rotor in the chamber to create cavitation in the fluid, wherein the rotor includes a plurality of irregularities that induce the cavitation; and

establishing an electrical potential between the rotor and the housing in the presence of the cavitation in order to produce a product, wherein the rotor and the housing are an anode and a cathode, respectively, or wherein the rotor and the housing are a cathode and an anode, respectively.

6. The method of claim 5 , further comprising refreshing a surface of at least one of the anode and cathode.

7. The method of claim 5 , wherein the fluid comprises a cyanide anion.

8. The method of claim 7 , further comprising oxidizing the cyanide anion to produce a cyanate anion.

9. The method of claim 5 , further comprising conducting the chemical reaction in the presence of a gas, wherein the gas is reduced by the cavitation to a large number of relatively small bubbles.

10. The method of claim 5 , wherein the irregularities are bores.

11. The method of claim 5 , wherein the rotor has a periphery, and the bores are formed in the periphery.

12. A method of conducting a chemical reaction comprising:

introducing a fluid containing reactants into a chamber within a housing;

rotating a rotor in the chamber to create cavitation in the fluid, wherein the rotor includes a plurality of irregularities that induce the cavitation; and

inducing an electrical current through the fluid in the presence of the cavitation, wherein the rotor and the housing are an anode and a cathode, respectively, or wherein the rotor and the housing are a cathode and an anode, respectively.

13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the fluid comprises a cyanide anion.

14. The method of claim 13 , further comprising oxidizing the cyanide anion to produce a cyanate anion.

15. The method of claim 12 , further comprising conducting the chemical reaction in the presence of a gas, wherein the gas is reduced by the cavitation to a large number of relatively small bubbles.

16. The method of claim 12 , wherein the irregularities are bores.

17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the rotor has a periphery, and the bores are formed in the periphery.

18. The method of claim 9 , wherein the gas is oxygen, and the oxygen reacts in the presence of the electrical potential and the cavitation to form ozone and oxygen radicals.

19. The method of claim 15 , wherein the gas is oxygen, and the oxygen reacts in the presence of the electrical current and the cavitation to form ozone and oxygen radicals.

20. The method of claim 5 , comprising producing at least two separated products by separating at least two reactants prior to conducting the reactions of the at least two reactants and maintaining such separation during the respective reactions.

21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the at least two reactants are separated by an ion exchange membrane.

22. The method of claim 12 , comprising producing at least two separated products by separating at least two reactants prior to conducting reactions of the at least two reactants and maintaining such separation during the respective reactions.

23. The method of claim 22 , wherein the at least two reactants are separated by an ion exchange membrane.

24. The method of claim 12 , further comprising refreshing a surface of at least one of the anode and cathode.