Depolymerization process of conversion of organic and non-organic waste materials into useful products
The present invention relates to the conversion of waste and low-value materials into useful products in reliable purities in a cost-effective and energy-efficient manner. More specifially, the invention provides processes that can handle mixed streams of various feedstocks, e.g. shredder residue, offal, animal manures, municipal sewage sludge, tires, and plastics, that otherwise have little commercial value, to useful products including gas, oil, specialty chemicals, and carbon solids. The process subjects the feedstock to heat and pressure, separates out various components, then further applies heat and pressure to one or more of those components, according to processes based on thermal or catalytic cracking. The invention further comprises an apparatus for performing a multi-stage process of converting waste materials into useful materials, and at least one oil product that arises from the process. Useful products can also be obtained or derived from materials diverted at different points of the process.
1. A process of converting shredder residue into oil, comprising:
dissolving the shredder residue in a solvent;
preparing a slurry from the shredder residue;
subjecting the slurry to a depolymerization step to produce a liquid mixture, wherein said depolymerization step takes place at a temperature between about 572° F. and about 785° F;
separating solids from the liquid mixture;
adding water to the liquid mixture;
subjecting the liquid mixture to a hydrolysis step to produce a reacted feed, wherein said hydrolysis step takes place at a temperature between about 430° F. and about 510° F. at a pressure above the saturation pressure of water in the liquid mixture; and
deriving an oil from said reacted feed.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein said depolymerization step takes place at a pressure above the saturation pressure of water in the slurry.
3. The process of claim 1 , wherein said solvent is an organic solvent.
4. The process of claim 1 , wherein said depolymerization step takes place at a temperature between about 572° F. and about 650° F.
5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the solvent is oil.
6. The process of claim 5 , wherein the solvent is oil obtained from said process.
7. A process of converting a raw stream comprising shredder residue and one or more tires into fuel, comprising:
dissolving a raw stream comprising shredder residue and one or more tires in a solvent to produce a slurry;
subjecting the slurry to a depolymerization step to produce a liquid mixture;
separating solids from the liquid mixture;
adding water to the liquid mixture;
subjecting the liquid mixture to a hydrolysis step to produce a reacted feed; and
deriving an oil from said reacted feed.
8. The process of claim 7 , wherein said depolymerization step takes place at a temperature between about 572° F. and about 785° F.
9. The process of claim 7 , wherein said hydrolysis step takes place at a temperature between about 430° F. and about 750° F. at a pressure above the saturation pressure of water in the liquid mixture.
10. The process of claim 7 , wherein said depolymerization step takes place at a temperature in the range of about 700° F. to about 775° F. and said hydrolysis step takes place at a temperature in the range of about 440° F. to about 500° F. and pressure at each said step is maintained above the water saturation pressure at the respective temperature.
11. The process of claim 7 , wherein the solvent is oil.
12. The process of claim 7 , wherein the solvent is oil obtained from said process.
13. The process of claim 7 , wherein said deriving comprises hydrotreating the organic liquor.
14. The process of claim 7 , wherein said deriving comprises subjecting the organic liquor to a thermal conversion process.
15. The process of claim 7 , wherein said deriving comprises:
flashing to a lower pressure to remove steam and gasses;
separating solids; and
separating water to form an organic liquor.
16. The process of claim 15 , wherein said deriving further comprises a liquid-liquid separation.
17. The process of claim 15 , wherein said deriving further comprises reacting the organic liquor at a temperature between about 300° C. and about 600° C. to accomplish at least cracking hydrocarbon molecules.
18. The process of claim 1 , wherein said deriving comprises: removing heat, water and entrained solids from the reacted feed to form an organic liquor; and
processing the organic liquor into a fuel.
19. The process of claim 18 , wherein said removing comprises:
flashing the reacted feed to a lower pressure to form an intermediate feed; and
separating liquids and solids from the intermediate feed to form the organic liquor.
20. The process of claim 19 , wherein said separating liquids and solids comprises a first solid-liquid separation to form an organic liquor/water mixture and a second liquid-liquid separation to remove water from the organic liquor.
21. The process of claim 20 , wherein said processing comprises removing additional water by a further liquid-liquid separation.
22. The process of claim 20 , wherein said processing comprises reacting the organic liquor at a temperature between about 300° C. and about 600° C.
23. A process for producing fuel from a shredder residue containing feedstock, comprising:
preparing a slurry including a liquid from the feedstock to form a process stream;
depolymerizing the process stream at a temperature in the range of about 572° F. to 785° F.;
separating at least one undisolved solid material from the process stream after depolymerizing;
adding water to the process stream;
hydrolyzing the depolymerized and separated process stream at a temperature in the range of about 430° F. to 750° F. and a pressure above the saturation pressure of water in the process stream at said hydrolysis temperature;
flash reducing the pressure of the process stream after hydrolyzing to recover vapors and heat, including steam;
separating and removing solids from the process stream after reducing the pressure;
separating water from the process stream after reducing the pressure; and
diverting the process stream for use as a fuel.
24. The process of claim 16 , further comprising redirecting the recovered heat and steam to the process stream after the preparing step.
25. The process of claim 16 , wherein vapors including steam are recovered from the hydrolyzing step and redirected to the process stream after the preparing step.
26. The process of claim 16 , further comprising, prior to said diverting, reacting the process stream at a temperature in the range of about 300° C. to 600° C.
27. The process of claim 16 , wherein including a liquid in said preparing step comprises adding a solvent to the process stream.