Method for producing phthalic anhydride
Processes comprising: (a) providing a reactant comprising a component selected from the group consisting of o-xylene, naphthalene and mixtures thereof, and a gas comprising oxygen; (b) reacting the reactant and the gas in a reaction system, in the presence of a catalyst, to form phthalic anhydride; wherein the reaction system comprises: (i) at least two reaction zones, each reaction zone cooled with a coolant; and (ii) an intermediate cooling zone disposed between a first of the at least two reaction zones and a second of the at least two reaction zones; and wherein the coolant entering the first of the at least two reaction zones has a temperature which is more than 20° C. higher than a temperature of the coolant entering the second of the at leas two reaction zones.
1. A process comprising:
(a) providing a reactant comprising a component selected from the group consisting of o-xylene, naphthalene and mixtures thereof, and a gas comprising oxygen;
(b) reacting the reactant and the gas in a reaction system, in the presence of a catalyst, to form phthalic anhydride;
wherein the reaction system comprises: (i) at least two reaction zones, each reaction zone cooled with a coolant; and (ii) an intermediate cooling zone disposed between a first of the at least two reaction zones and a second of the at least two reaction zones; and wherein the coolant entering the first of the at least two reaction zones has a temperature which is more than 20° C. higher than a temperature of the coolant entering the second of the at leas two reaction zones.
2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the reaction system has two cooled reaction zones.
3. The process according to claim 2 , wherein the two cooled reaction zones are a cooled main reactor and a cooled postreactor.
4. The process according to claim 3 , wherein the coolant entering the main reactor has a temperature of 320 to 380° C., and wherein the coolant entering the postreactor has a temperature of 250 to 320° C.
5. The process according to claim 4 , wherein the temperature of the coolant entering the postreactor is 270 to 300° C.
6. The process according to claim 5 , wherein the temperature of the coolant entering the postreactor is 280 to 290° C.
7. The process according to claim 3 , wherein the postreactor is operated at a residual conversion of from 5 to 10% based on an overall conversion of the reaction system.
8. The process according to claim 3 , wherein the postreactor is operated at a residual conversion up to 15% based on an overall conversion of the reaction system.
9. The process according to claim 3 , wherein the postreactor is operated at a residual conversion up to 20% based on an overall conversion of the reaction system.
10. The process according to claim 1 , wherein heat is removed from the reaction system by evaporative cooling of the coolant.
11. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the at least two reaction zones and the intermediate cooling zone are disposed in a single apparatus comprising thermoplates through which coolant flows.
12. The process according to claim 3 , further comprising a first cooling circuit and a second cooling circuit, wherein the first cooling circuit feeds coolant to the main reactor, and wherein the second cooling circuit feeds coolant to the intermediate cooling zone and the postreactor.
13. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the intermediate cooling zone comprises an inert bed.
14. The process according to claim 1 , wherein one or more of the at least two reaction zones comprises a tube bundle apparatus.
15. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the first of the at least two reaction zones comprises a tube bundle apparatus, and wherein the second or another of the at least two reaction zones comprises an apparatus having thermoplates.