Lithium-ion battery
A lithium-ion battery includes a positive electrode that includes a current collector that includes a positive electrode comprising a current collector and an active material comprising a material selected from the group consisting of LiCoO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , LiNi x Co y Ni (1−x−y) O 2 , LiAl x Co y Ni (1−x−y) O 2 , LiTi x Co y Ni (1−x−y) O 2 , and combinations thereof. The battery also includes a negative electrode that includes a current collector and an active material comprising a lithium titanate material. The current collector of the negative electrode includes a material selected from the group consisting of aluminum, titanium, silver, and combinations thereof. The battery is configured for cycling to near-zero-voltage conditions without a substantial loss of battery capacity.
1. A lithium-ion battery comprising:
a positive electrode comprising a current collector and an active material comprising a material selected from the group consisting of LiCoO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , LiAl x Co y Ni (1−x−y) O 2 where x is between approximately 0.05 and 0.3 and y is between approximately 0.1 and 0.3, LiTi x Co y Ni (1−x−y) O 2 where x is between approximately 0.05 and 0.3 and y is between approximately 0.1 and 0.3, and combinations thereof;
a negative electrode comprising a foil current collector and an active material comprising a lithium titanate material, the current collector of the negative electrode comprising a material selected from the group consisting of aluminum, titanium, and combinations thereof; and
a liquid electrolyte and a polymeric separator provided intermediate the positive electrode and the negative electrode;
wherein the positive electrode and the negative electrode are provided in a wound or folded configuration; and
whereby the battery is configured for cycling to near-zero-voltage conditions without a substantial loss of battery capacity.
2. The lithium-ion battery of claim 1 , wherein the negative current collector comprises aluminum.
3. The lithium-ion battery of claim 2 , wherein the positive current collector comprises aluminum.
4. The lithium-ion battery of claim 1 , wherein the active material of the negative electrode comprises a conductive material for providing increased conductivity for the negative electrode.
5. The lithium-ion battery of claim 4 , wherein the conductive material comprises carbon.
6. The lithium-ion battery of claim 1 , wherein the lithium titanate material comprises Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 .
7. The lithium-ion battery of claim 1 , wherein the polymeric separator provided intermediate the positive electrode and the negative electrode is porous.
8. The lithium-ion battery of claim 1 , wherein the battery has a capacity between approximately 10 mAh and 1000 mAh.
9. The lithium-ion battery of claim 1 , wherein the battery has a capacity of approximately 300 mAh.
10. The lithium-ion battery of claim 1 , wherein the battery comprises a battery case that comprises titanium.
11. The lithium-ion battery of claim 1 , wherein the battery comprises a battery case that comprises aluminum.
12. The lithium-ion battery of claim 1 , wherein the current collector of the negative electrode is a metal foil having a thickness of between approximately 100 nanometers and 100 micrometers.
13. The lithium-ion battery of claim 1 , wherein the liquid electrolyte comprises a lithium salt dissolved in one or more non-aqueous solvents.
14. The lithium-ion battery of claim 1 , wherein the active materials of the positive electrode and the negative electrode are provided on both sides of their associated current collectors.
15. A lithium-ion battery comprising:
a positive electrode comprising a current collector and an active material comprising a material selected from the group consisting of LiCoO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 , LiAl x Co y Ni (1−x−y) O 2 where x is between approximately 0.05 and 0.3 and y is between approximately 0.1 and 0.3, LiTi x Co y Ni (1−x−y) O 2 where x is between approximately 0.05 and 0.3 and y is between approximately 0.1 and 0.3, and combinations thereof;
a negative electrode comprising a foil current collector formed of a material including titanium and an active material provided on the foil current collector that comprises a lithium titanate material; and
a polymeric separator provided intermediate the positive electrode and the negative electrode;
wherein the positive electrode and the negative electrode have a wound or folded configuration; and
whereby the battery is configured for cycling to near-zero-voltage conditions without a substantial loss of battery capacity.
16. The lithium-ion battery of claim 1 , further comprising a battery case that comprises an aluminum alloy.
17. A lithium-ion battery comprising:
a positive electrode comprising a current collector and an active material selected from the group consisting of LiCoO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , LiAl x Co y Ni (1−x−y) O 2 where x is between approximately 0.05 and 0.3 and y is between approximately 0.1 and 0.3, LiTi x Co y Ni (1−x−y) O 2 where x is between approximately 0.05 and 0.3 and y is between approximately 0.1 and 0.3, and combinations thereof;
a negative electrode comprising a negative current collector provided as a foil and an active material provided on the negative current collector, the negative current collector comprising aluminum and the active material provided on the negative current collector comprising a lithium titanate material;
a liquid electrolyte;
a separator comprising a polymeric material provided between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, wherein the positive electrode and the negative electrode are wound or folded electrodes; and
a battery housing comprising a material selected from the group consisting of aluminum, titanium, and alloys thereof.
18. The lithium-ion battery of claim 17 , wherein the current collector of the positive electrode comprises aluminum.
19. The lithium-ion battery of claim 17 , wherein the negative current collector comprises an aluminum alloy.
20. The lithium-ion battery of claim 17 , wherein the battery housing is in contact with the negative electrode and comprises an aluminum alloy.
21. The lithium-ion battery of claim 17 , wherein the active material of the negative electrode further comprises a conductive material for providing increased conductivity for the negative electrode.
22. The lithium-ion battery of claim 21 , wherein the conductive material comprises carbon.
23. The lithium-ion battery of claim 17 , wherein the lithium titanate material comprises Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 .
24. The lithium-ion battery of claim 17 , wherein the positive electrode and the negative electrode have a zero voltage crossing potential above the decomposition potential of the active material of the positive electrode.
25. The lithium-ion battery of claim 24 , wherein the zero voltage crossing potential is approximately 3.8 volts.
26. The lithium-ion battery of claim 17 , wherein the separator is porous.
27. The lithium-ion battery of claim 17 , wherein the battery has a capacity between approximately 10 mAh and 1000 mAh.
28. The lithium-ion battery of claim 17 , wherein the battery has a capacity of approximately 75 mAh.
29. The lithium-ion battery of claim 17 , wherein the battery housing comprises titanium.
30. The lithium-ion battery of claim 17 , wherein the battery housing comprises aluminum.
31. The lithium-ion battery of claim 17 , wherein the negative current collector is provided in the form of a metal foil having a thickness of between approximately 5 and 25 micrometers.
32. The lithium-ion battery of claim 17 , wherein the liquid electrolyte comprises a salt of LiPF 6 dissolved in at least one non-aqueous solvent.
33. The lithium-ion battery of claim 17 , wherein the active materials of the positive electrode and the negative electrode are provided on two opposing sides of their associated current collectors.
34. A lithium-ion battery comprising:
a positive electrode comprising a wound aluminum current collector and an active material provided in contact with the aluminum current collector and selected from the group consisting of LiCoO 2 , LiAl x Co y Ni (1−x−y) O 2 where x is between approximately 0.05 and 0.3 and y is between approximately 0.1 and 0.3, LiTi x Co y Ni (1−x−y) O 2 where x is between approximately 0.05 and 0.3 and y is between approximately 0.1 and 0.3, and combinations thereof;
a negative electrode comprising a wound aluminum foil current collector and an active material, the active material comprising Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 provided on the current collector of the negative electrode; and
a polymeric separator provided intermediate the positive electrode and the negative electrode;
wherein the positive electrode and the negative electrode have a zero voltage crossing potential above a decomposition potential of the active material provided on the positive electrode.
35. The lithium-ion battery of claim 34 , wherein the positive electrode and the negative electrode have a zero voltage crossing potential below a corrosion potential of the aluminum foil current collector of the negative electrode.
36. The lithium-ion battery of claim 34 , wherein the polymeric separator is a copolymer of polypropylene and polyethylene.
37. The lithium-ion battery of claim 34 , wherein the battery comprises a casing that comprises aluminum.
38. The lithium-ion battery of claim 34 , wherein the battery has a capacity between approximately 10 mAh and 1000 mAh.
39. The lithium-ion battery of claim 34 , wherein the battery has a capacity of approximately 300 mAh.
40. The lithium-ion battery of claim 34 , wherein the battery includes a casing that comprises a titanium alloy.
41. The lithium-ion battery of claim 34 , wherein the battery includes a housing that comprises an aluminum alloy.
42. The lithium-ion battery of claim 34 , wherein the active material of the negative electrode is provided on a first side of the aluminum current collector and on a second side of the aluminum current collector.
43. The lithium-ion battery of claim 34 , further comprising a liquid electrolyte.